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"local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_42.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "variant": "11", "paper": 1, "question_count": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "variant": "12", "paper": 1, "question_count": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "variant": "13", "paper": 1, "question_count": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "variant": "21", "paper": 2, "question_count": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "variant": "22", "paper": 2, "question_count": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "variant": "23", "paper": 2, "question_count": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "variant": "31", "paper": 3, "question_count": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "variant": "32", "paper": 3, "question_count": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "variant": "33", "paper": 3, "question_count": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "variant": "41", "paper": 4, "question_count": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "variant": "42", "paper": 4, "question_count": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "variant": "43", "paper": 4, "question_count": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "variant": "11", "paper": 1, "question_count": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "variant": "12", "paper": 1, "question_count": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "variant": "13", "paper": 1, "question_count": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "variant": "21", "paper": 2, "question_count": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "variant": "22", "paper": 2, "question_count": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "variant": "23", "paper": 2, "question_count": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "variant": "31", "paper": 3, "question_count": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "variant": "32", "paper": 3, "question_count": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "variant": "33", "paper": 3, "question_count": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "variant": "41", "paper": 4, "question_count": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "variant": "42", "paper": 4, "question_count": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf" }, { "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "variant": "43", "paper": 4, "question_count": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "local_path": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf" } ], "records": [ { "id": "9990-2021-mj-31-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-31-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-31-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘systematic desensitisation’. [2] 1 (a)\nDescribe the cognitive explanation of phobias. [4] (b)\nExplain strengths of the cognitive explanation of phobias. [6] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-31-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-31-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-31-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. [8] 2 (a)\nEvaluate the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, (b)\nincluding a discussion about determinism versus free-will. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-31-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-31-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-31-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘effective slogans’ in advertising. [2] 3 (a)\nDescribe the study by Fischer et al. (1991) on brand recognition in advertising. [4] (b)\nDiscuss the use of children as participants in the study by Fischer et al. [6] (c)" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-31-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-31-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-31-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-31-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about intuitive thinking and its imperfections in 4 (a)\nconsumer decision-making (thinking fast and thinking slow, choice blindness, advertising and\nfalse memory). [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about intuitive thinking and its imperfections in (b)\nconsumer decision-making (thinking fast and thinking slow, choice blindness, advertising and\nfalse memory), including a discussion of practical applications. [10]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/31/M/J/21\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-32-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-32-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-32-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘bipolar’ disorder. [2] 1 (a)\nDescribe cognitive restructuring (Beck, 1979) as a treatment for depression. [4] (b)\nExplain strength and weakness of cognitive restructuring as a treatment for (c) one one\ndepression. [6]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-32-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-32-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-32-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the causes of impulse control disorders and non-substance addictive disorder. [8] 2 (a)\nEvaluate the causes of impulse control disorders and non-substance addictive disorder, (b)\nincluding a discussion about nature versus nurture. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-32-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-32-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-32-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by the ‘cognition-emotion model’ of the effects of ambience. [2] 3 (a)\nDescribe the study by Chebat and Michon (2003) on the effects of odour on shopper arousal (b)\nand emotion. [4]\nExplain strengths of the study by Chebat and Michon. [6] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-32-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-32-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-32-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-32-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about menu design psychology. [8] 4 (a)\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about menu design psychology, including a (b)\ndiscussion about ecological validity. [10]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/32/M/J/21\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-33-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-33-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-33-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘systematic desensitisation’. [2] 1 (a)\nDescribe the cognitive explanation of phobias. [4] (b)\nExplain strengths of the cognitive explanation of phobias. [6] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-33-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-33-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-33-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. [8] 2 (a)\nEvaluate the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, (b)\nincluding a discussion about determinism versus free-will. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-33-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-33-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-33-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘effective slogans’ in advertising. [2] 3 (a)\nDescribe the study by Fischer et al. (1991) on brand recognition in advertising. [4] (b)\nDiscuss the use of children as participants in the study by Fischer et al. [6] (c)" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-33-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-33-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-33-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-33-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about intuitive thinking and its imperfections in 4 (a)\nconsumer decision-making (thinking fast and thinking slow, choice blindness, advertising and\nfalse memory). [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about intuitive thinking and its imperfections in (b)\nconsumer decision-making (thinking fast and thinking slow, choice blindness, advertising and\nfalse memory), including a discussion of practical applications. [10]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/33/M/J/21\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-41-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-41-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-41-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Griffiths (2005) refers to a case of a person addicted to gambling who says: 1\n‘If I wasn’t actually gambling I was spending the rest of my time working out clever little schemes\nto obtain money to feed my habit. These two activities literally took up all my time.’\nThis quote is typical of gambling and many other types of addictive behaviours, including\npyromania and kleptomania.\nExplain what is meant by ‘pyromania’. [2] (a)\nGive components of any addiction outlined by Griffiths (2005). [4] (b) two\nSuggest ways to measure a person’s addiction to gambling, other than using a (c) two\nquestionnaire. [4]\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using questionnaires to measure kleptomania. You (d)\nshould include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-41-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-41-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-41-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-41-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Porublev et al. (2009) gathered qualitative data to investigate whether a gift should be wrapped or 2\nnot, because of the expectations surrounding the use of gift-wrapping.\nFig. 2.1 Examples of wrapped gifts\nExplain the key expectations surrounding the use of gift-wrapping. [2] (a) two\nPorublev et al. only collected qualitative data. (b)\nGive ways in which qualitative data was gathered in this study. [4] two\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘reliability’. [2] (c) (i)\nSuggest how the reliability of the qualitative data gathered in this study could be (ii)\nassessed. [2]\nDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of using qualitative data to assess gift-wrapping (d)\npreference. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/41/ M /J /21\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-41-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-41-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-41-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a longitudinal study to investigate whether cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) 5 (a)\nmanages schizophrenia effectively. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-41-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-41-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-41-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "People often experience discomfort when their personal space is invaded. 6\nDesign a study using a questionnaire to investigate which theory of personal space (a) best\nexplains people’s discomfort in a crowded shop. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-41-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-41-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-41-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Psychometric measures, such as the Kleptomania Symptom Assessment Scale (K-SAS), provide 9\ntherapists with no useful information.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-41-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-41-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-41-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Studies like ‘defending a place in a queue’ (Milgram et al., 1986) should never be conducted 10\nbecause they are unethical.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-42-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-42-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-42-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Three comments about electro-convulsive therapy (ECT): 1\n‘It was the best thing that my wife could have had at that time; a good decision by the doctors after\ndrugs had failed.’\n‘It was a positive experience; worked well for my schizophrenia.’\n‘I was able to go home after five months of inpatient stay as a result of ECT, after years of\nunsuccessful psychological treatment.’\nOutline the procedure of electro-convulsive therapy (ECT). [2] (a)\nOutline biochemical treatment for schizophrenia. [2] (b) (i) one\nGive advantage of this biochemical treatment for schizophrenia. [2] (ii) one\nOutline psychological treatments for schizophrenia. [4] (c) two\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of ECT as a treatment for schizophrenia. You should (d)\ninclude a conclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-42-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-42-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-42-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-42-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Newspaper headline: Your brain goes shopping. 2\nYou go shopping and you see a product. By the time you decided to buy it, some brain regions\nalready knew what you were buying and how much it cost. These brain regions are the neural\npredictors of purchases, studied by Knutson et al. (2007).\nIdentify brain regions Knutson et al. found to be predictors of purchases. [2] (a) two\nOutline the novel ‘SHOP’ task used when each participant had their brain scanned. [4] (b)\nSuggest reason why the findings of this study can be generalised. [2] (c) (i) one\nSuggest reason why the findings of this study cannot be generalised. [2] (ii) one\nDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of using brain scans to gather data about (d)\nconsumer decision-making. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/42/M/J/21\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-42-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-42-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-42-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) can be used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). 5\nDesign a study to test gender differences in effectiveness of CBT administered by telephone (a)\nfor OCD. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-42-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-42-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-42-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "There are several ways to close a sale, including reciprocity and authority. 6\nDesign a study to investigate which is the successful way to close a sale when selling a (a) most\ncomputer. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-42-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-42-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-42-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Even though Charles was just one child, Rapoport’s case study of Charles’ obsessive-compulsive 9\ndisorder (OCD) can be generalised to everyone.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-42-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-42-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-42-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘The findings of experiments of consumer behaviour using eye-tracking have no value because 10\nthey lack ecological validity.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-43-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-43-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-43-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Griffiths (2005) refers to a case of a person addicted to gambling who says: 1\n‘If I wasn’t actually gambling I was spending the rest of my time working out clever little schemes\nto obtain money to feed my habit. These two activities literally took up all my time.’\nThis quote is typical of gambling and many other types of addictive behaviours, including\npyromania and kleptomania.\nExplain what is meant by ‘pyromania’. [2] (a)\nGive components of any addiction outlined by Griffiths (2005). [4] (b) two\nSuggest ways to measure a person’s addiction to gambling, other than using a (c) two\nquestionnaire. [4]\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using questionnaires to measure kleptomania. You (d)\nshould include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-43-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-43-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-43-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-43-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Porublev et al. (2009) gathered qualitative data to investigate whether a gift should be wrapped or 2\nnot, because of the expectations surrounding the use of gift-wrapping.\nFig. 2.1 Examples of wrapped gifts\nExplain the key expectations surrounding the use of gift-wrapping. [2] (a) two\nPorublev et al. only collected qualitative data. (b)\nGive ways in which qualitative data was gathered in this study. [4] two\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘reliability’. [2] (c) (i)\nSuggest how the reliability of the qualitative data gathered in this study could be (ii)\nassessed. [2]\nDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of using qualitative data to assess gift-wrapping (d)\npreference. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/43/ M /J /21\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-43-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-43-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-43-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a longitudinal study to investigate whether cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) 5 (a)\nmanages schizophrenia effectively. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-43-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-43-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-43-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "People often experience discomfort when their personal space is invaded. 6\nDesign a study using a questionnaire to investigate which theory of personal space (a) best\nexplains people’s discomfort in a crowded shop. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-43-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-43-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-43-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Psychometric measures, such as the Kleptomania Symptom Assessment Scale (K-SAS), provide 9\ntherapists with no useful information.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-43-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-mj-43-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-43-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Studies like ‘defending a place in a queue’ (Milgram et al., 1986) should never be conducted 10\nbecause they are unethical.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-31-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-31-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-31-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline cognitive explanation of schizophrenia and delusional disorder. [2] 1 (a) one\nDescribe the procedure in the study by Sensky et al. (2000) of cognitive-behavioural therapy (b)\n(CBT) for schizophrenia. [4]\nExplain similarity and difference between CBT and biochemical treatments for (c) one one\nschizophrenia/delusional disorder. [6]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-31-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-31-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-31-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe characteristics and measures of bipolar and related disorders. [8] 2 (a)\nEvaluate characteristics and measures of bipolar and related disorders, including a discussion (b)\nof validity. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-31-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-31-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-31-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "One stage in the consumer decision model when buying a product is ‘recognition of need’. 3 (a)\nIdentify other stages from this model. [2] two\nDescribe ways to close a sale. [4] (b) two\nFor of the ways you described in (b): (c) one\nExplain advantage and disadvantage of this way to close a sale. [6] one one" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-31-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-31-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-31-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-31-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about lighting, colour and smell in the physical 4 (a)\nenvironment. [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about lighting, colour and smell in the physical (b)\nenvironment, including a discussion about control of variables. [10]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/31/O/N/21\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-32-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-32-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-32-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the behavioural explanation of phobias. [2] 1 (a)\nDescribe the Generalised Anxiety Disorder assessment (GAD-7). [4] (b)\nExplain strength and weakness of the GAD-7. [6] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-32-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-32-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-32-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe characteristics and assessment of schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders. 2 (a)\n[8]\nEvaluate characteristics and assessment of schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders, (b)\nincluding a discussion of validity. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-32-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-32-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-32-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the AIDA model of advertising. [2] 3 (a)\nDescribe the study by Kohli et al. (2007) on effective slogans. [4] (b)\nExplain strengths of the study by Kohli et al. [6] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-32-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-32-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-32-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-32-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about packaging, positioning and placement 4 (a)\nof the product (gift-wrapping, product colour and associative learning, attention and shelf\nposition). [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about packaging, positioning and placement (b)\nof the product (gift-wrapping, product colour and associative learning, attention and shelf\nposition), including a discussion of self-reports. [10]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/32/O/N/21\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-33-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-33-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-33-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline cognitive explanation of schizophrenia and delusional disorder. [2] 1 (a) one\nDescribe the procedure in the study by Sensky et al. (2000) of cognitive-behavioural therapy (b)\n(CBT) for schizophrenia. [4]\nExplain similarity and difference between CBT and biochemical treatments for (c) one one\nschizophrenia/delusional disorder. [6]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-33-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-33-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-33-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe characteristics and measures of bipolar and related disorders. [8] 2 (a)\nEvaluate characteristics and measures of bipolar and related disorders, including a discussion (b)\nof validity. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-33-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-33-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-33-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "One stage in the consumer decision model when buying a product is ‘recognition of need’. 3 (a)\nIdentify other stages from this model. [2] two\nDescribe ways to close a sale. [4] (b) two\nFor of the ways you described in (b): (c) one\nExplain advantage and disadvantage of this way to close a sale. [6] one one" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-33-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-33-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-33-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-33-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about lighting, colour and smell in the physical 4 (a)\nenvironment. [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about lighting, colour and smell in the physical (b)\nenvironment, including a discussion about control of variables. [10]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/33/O/N/21\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-41-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-41-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-41-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A woman was treated by Glover (2011) for kleptomania. She had a 14-year history of daily 1\ncompulsive shoplifting and was treated with covert sensitisation. At a 19-month follow-up she was\nfree of stealing behaviour apart from one lapse, and there were corresponding improvements in\nher self-esteem and socialisation.\nExplain what is meant by ‘covert sensitisation’. [2] (a)\nOutline how the aversive stimulus was used in the study by Glover (2011) to treat the woman’s (b)\nkleptomania. [4]\nGive differences between covert sensitisation and imaginal desensitisation. [4] (c) two\nDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of using covert sensitisation to treat impulse (d)\ncontrol disorders. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-41-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-41-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-41-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-41-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Machleit et al. (2000) found that perceived crowding in shops, created by manipulating either 2\nhuman (social) density or spatial density, changed levels of pleasure and satisfaction.\nExplain what is meant by ‘perceived crowding’. [2] (a)\nExplain the difference between ‘human density’ and ‘spatial density’. [2] (b) (i)\nOutline the questionnaire that Machleit et al. (2000) used to measure perceived crowding. (ii)\n[2]\nSuggest how model of the ‘effects of ambience’ explains how perceived crowding can (c) one\nmake the ambience of a shop less pleasant. [4]\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using questionnaires to investigate the effect of (d)\ncrowding when shopping in a retail store. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/41/O/N/21\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-41-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-41-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-41-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a study to investigate the long-term effectiveness of applied tension. [10] 5 (a)\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-41-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-41-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-41-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Product placement can be used in different ways, in media such as films. 6\nDesign a study to investigate which of three chocolate products placed in a film in different (a)\nways will be noticed by participants. [10] most\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-41-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-41-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-41-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Even though little Hans was just one child, the psychoanalytic explanation of phobias can be 9\ngeneralised to everyone.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-41-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-41-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-41-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘There is no need to gather qualitative data when conducting studies on menu item position.’ 10\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-42-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-42-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-42-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The ABC model of psychological change: 1\n• Activating event\n• Beliefs about the event\n• Consequences: emotional and behavioural responses.\nEllis (1962) used this model in rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT). The aim of REBT is to\ntreat depression by changing a client’s thinking.\nExplain why a depressed client’s thinking needs to be changed in order to treat their (a)\ndepression. [2]\nOutline irrational belief that clients might have before starting REBT. [2] (b) (i) one\nOutline how irrational beliefs are changed by REBT. [2] (ii)\nSuggest psychological treatment for depression, other than REBT. [4] (c) one\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of psychological treatments for depression. You (d)\nshould include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-42-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-42-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-42-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-42-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Leisure environment design should serve two functions: to encourage the customer to spend more 2\nmoney, and to enable the customer to relax and enjoy the pleasant surroundings. Finlay et al.\n(2006) compared two casino designs, the Kranes ‘playground’ model and the Friedman design, to\ninvestigate which was preferred by customers.\nExplain which design was preferred by customers. [2] (a)\nGive differences between the casino designs suggested by Kranes and by Friedman. [4] (b) two\nFinlay et al. (2006) gathered a sample of participants using opportunity sampling. (c)\nOutline the sample of participants in this study. [2] (i)\nGive disadvantage of recruiting participants using opportunity sampling. [2] (ii) one\nDiscuss whether the findings of the study by Finlay et al. can be generalised. You should (d)\nconsider both sides of the argument and include a conclusion. [5]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/42/O/N/21\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-42-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-42-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-42-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a study to investigate the common type of compulsive behaviour in people with 5 (a) most\nobsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-42-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-42-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-42-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a field experiment to investigate which ambient odour customers prefer in a shop 6 (a)\nselling clothes. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your experiment is based. (b)\n[8]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-42-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-42-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-42-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Biomedical treatments for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders are irrelevant.’ 9\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-42-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-42-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-42-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Theories of consumer decision-making based on choice heuristics, such as anchoring, are of no 10\nuse for the person selling a product.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-43-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-43-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-43-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A woman was treated by Glover (2011) for kleptomania. She had a 14-year history of daily 1\ncompulsive shoplifting and was treated with covert sensitisation. At a 19-month follow-up she was\nfree of stealing behaviour apart from one lapse, and there were corresponding improvements in\nher self-esteem and socialisation.\nExplain what is meant by ‘covert sensitisation’. [2] (a)\nOutline how the aversive stimulus was used in the study by Glover (2011) to treat the woman’s (b)\nkleptomania. [4]\nGive differences between covert sensitisation and imaginal desensitisation. [4] (c) two\nDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of using covert sensitisation to treat impulse (d)\ncontrol disorders. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-43-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-43-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-43-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-43-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Machleit et al. (2000) found that perceived crowding in shops, created by manipulating either 2\nhuman (social) density or spatial density, changed levels of pleasure and satisfaction.\nExplain what is meant by ‘perceived crowding’. [2] (a)\nExplain the difference between ‘human density’ and ‘spatial density’. [2] (b) (i)\nOutline the questionnaire that Machleit et al. (2000) used to measure perceived crowding. (ii)\n[2]\nSuggest how model of the ‘effects of ambience’ explains how perceived crowding can (c) one\nmake the ambience of a shop less pleasant. [4]\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using questionnaires to investigate the effect of (d)\ncrowding when shopping in a retail store. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/43/O/N/21\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-43-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-43-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-43-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a study to investigate the long-term effectiveness of applied tension. [10] 5 (a)\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-43-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-43-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-43-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Product placement can be used in different ways, in media such as films. 6\nDesign a study to investigate which of three chocolate products placed in a film in different (a)\nways will be noticed by participants. [10] most\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-43-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-43-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-43-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Even though little Hans was just one child, the psychoanalytic explanation of phobias can be 9\ngeneralised to everyone.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-43-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2021-on-43-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-43-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘There is no need to gather qualitative data when conducting studies on menu item position.’ 10\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-31-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-31-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-31-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Identify characteristics of bipolar disorder. [2] 1 (a) two\nDescribe rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) as a treatment for depression (Ellis, (b)\n1962). [4]\nExplain similarity and difference between REBT and biological treatment for (c) one one one\ndepression. [6]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-31-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-31-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-31-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe explanations of phobias. [8] 2 (a)\nEvaluate explanations of phobias, including a discussion of nature versus nurture. [10] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-31-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-31-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-31-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Lauterborn proposed ‘the 4 Cs marketing mix model’ of advertising. 3 (a)\nIdentify of the ‘Cs’. [2] two\nDescribe the procedure and result from the study by Auty and Lewis (2004) on product (b) one\nplacement in films. [4]\nExplain strength and weakness of the study by Auty and Lewis. [6] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-31-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-31-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-31-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-31-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about sound and consumer behaviour. [8] 4 (a)\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about sound and consumer behaviour, (b)\nincluding a discussion about experiments. [10]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/31/M/J/22\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-32-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-32-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-32-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘blood phobia’. [2] 1 (a)\nDescribe features of the blood injection phobia inventory (BIPI). [4] (b)\nExplain similarity and difference between the BIPI and the Generalised Anxiety (c) one one\nDisorder assessment (GAD-7). [6]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-32-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-32-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-32-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the characteristics of impulse control disorders and non-substance addictive 2 (a)\ndisorder (definitions, types, measures). [8]\nEvaluate the characteristics of impulse control disorders and non-substance addictive (b)\ndisorder (definitions, types, measures), including a discussion about self-reports. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-32-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-32-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-32-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Identify of the virtual store layouts in the study by Vrechopoulos (2004) on the interior 3 (a) two\nlayout of grocery stores. [2]\nDescribe results from the study by Vrechopoulos. [4] (b) two\nExplain strength and weakness of the study by Vrechopoulos. [6] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-32-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-32-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-32-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-32-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about choice heuristics in consumer 4 (a)\ndecision-making (availability/representativeness, anchoring and purchase quantity decisions,\npre-cognitive decisions). [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about choice heuristics in consumer (b)\ndecision-making (availability/representativeness, anchoring and purchase quantity decisions,\npre-cognitive decisions), including a discussion about generalisability. [10]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/32/M/J/22\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-33-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-33-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-33-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Identify characteristics of bipolar disorder. [2] 1 (a) two\nDescribe rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) as a treatment for depression (Ellis, (b)\n1962). [4]\nExplain similarity and difference between REBT and biological treatment for (c) one one one\ndepression. [6]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-33-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-33-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-33-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe explanations of phobias. [8] 2 (a)\nEvaluate explanations of phobias, including a discussion of nature versus nurture. [10] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-33-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-33-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-33-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Lauterborn proposed ‘the 4 Cs marketing mix model’ of advertising. 3 (a)\nIdentify of the ‘Cs’. [2] two\nDescribe the procedure and result from the study by Auty and Lewis (2004) on product (b) one\nplacement in films. [4]\nExplain strength and weakness of the study by Auty and Lewis. [6] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-33-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-33-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-33-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-33-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about sound and consumer behaviour. [8] 4 (a)\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about sound and consumer behaviour, (b)\nincluding a discussion about experiments. [10]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/33/M/J/22\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-41-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-41-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-41-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In a case study by Glover, a 56-year-old married woman who had been shoplifting every day 1\nfor 14 years attended treatment sessions. Her treatment used covert sensitisation with aversive\nimagery.\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘aversive imagery’. [2] (a)\nSuggest strengths of the use of a face-to-face interview by a therapist treating a patient (b) two\nwith kleptomania. [4]\nSuggest why biochemical treatments might be effective when treating kleptomania. [4] (c) not\nDiscuss whether generalisations can or cannot be made from this case study. You should (d)\nconsider both sides of the argument and include a conclusion. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-41-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-41-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-41-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-41-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dayan and Bar-Hillel (2011) conducted research on how the position of a food item on a menu 2\ninfluenced what participants ordered to eat. They compared four versions of menu item order.\nThey described their sample and sampling technique in Study 1 as:\n• 240 participants\n• from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem\n• all were students\n• aged 19–35 years\n• 52% female, 48% male\n• recruited individually from around the campus.\nSuggest which sampling technique could have been used in Study 1. [2] (a)\nSuggest strength of the sample used in this study. [2] (b) (i) one\nSuggest weakness of the sample used in this study. [2] (ii) one\nIdentify of the versions of menu item order used in Study 1. [2] (c) (i) two\nExplain why participants were randomly allocated to a version of menu item order. [2] (ii)\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using a laboratory experiment to study menu item (d)\norder. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/41/M/J/22\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-41-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-41-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-41-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a study to investigate the effectiveness of biochemical treatments for impulse control 5 (a)\ndisorder. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-41-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-41-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-41-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "It is suggested that people have cognitive maps of where individual food items are located in retail 6\nenvironments, such as supermarkets.\nDesign a study to investigate whether people use cognitive maps to locate individual food (a)\nitems in a supermarket. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-41-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-41-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-41-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Psychometric measures used to assess obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) provide therapists 9\nwith no useful information.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-41-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-41-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-41-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Studies using an fMRI, such as those on pre-cognitive decisions, are of no value in understanding 10\nconsumer behaviour.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-42-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-42-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-42-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Schizophrenia can be treated with medical techniques and it can be managed with psychological 1\ntechniques. Medical treatments include the use of electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) and drugs\nsuch as antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics. Schizophrenia can be managed psychologically\nusing token economy and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT).\nSuggest difference between medical and psychological techniques for treating and (a) one\nmanaging schizophrenia. [2]\nExplain differences between antipsychotic drugs and atypical antipsychotic drugs. [4] (b) two\nExplain how ECT is used to treat schizophrenia. [4] (c)\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of psychological techniques to manage schizophrenia. (d)\nYou should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-42-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-42-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-42-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-42-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Porublev et al. (2009) used interviews and observations in their investigation into gift-wrapping. In 2\none semi-structured interview, a participant stated: ‘What’s the point of giving a gift if you are not\ngoing to wrap it?’\nExplain way in which a gift can be wrapped, when it is presented to a receiver. [2] (a) one\nSuggest reasons why a semi-structured interview was used in this study. [4] (b) two\nSuggest features of the type of observation used in this study. [4] (c) two\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using observations to assess gift-wrapping (d)\npreference. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/42/M/J/22\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-42-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-42-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-42-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a study to investigate the effectiveness of chemical/drug treatments (MAOIs, SSRIs) 5 (a)\nfor depression. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-42-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-42-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-42-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design an experiment to investigate age differences in brand recognition. [10] 6 (a)\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your experiment is based. (b)\n[8]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-42-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-42-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-42-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘The nature versus nurture debate is irrelevant when explaining depression.’ 9\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-42-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-42-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-42-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘In all advertising media, there is only effective way to advertise a product, for example 10 one\ntelevision.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-43-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-43-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-43-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In a case study by Glover, a 56-year-old married woman who had been shoplifting every day 1\nfor 14 years attended treatment sessions. Her treatment used covert sensitisation with aversive\nimagery.\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘aversive imagery’. [2] (a)\nSuggest strengths of the use of a face-to-face interview by a therapist treating a patient (b) two\nwith kleptomania. [4]\nSuggest why biochemical treatments might be effective when treating kleptomania. [4] (c) not\nDiscuss whether generalisations can or cannot be made from this case study. You should (d)\nconsider both sides of the argument and include a conclusion. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-43-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-43-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-43-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-43-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dayan and Bar-Hillel (2011) conducted research on how the position of a food item on a menu 2\ninfluenced what participants ordered to eat. They compared four versions of menu item order.\nThey described their sample and sampling technique in Study 1 as:\n• 240 participants\n• from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem\n• all were students\n• aged 19–35 years\n• 52% female, 48% male\n• recruited individually from around the campus.\nSuggest which sampling technique could have been used in Study 1. [2] (a)\nSuggest strength of the sample used in this study. [2] (b) (i) one\nSuggest weakness of the sample used in this study. [2] (ii) one\nIdentify of the versions of menu item order used in Study 1. [2] (c) (i) two\nExplain why participants were randomly allocated to a version of menu item order. [2] (ii)\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using a laboratory experiment to study menu item (d)\norder. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/43/M/J/22\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-43-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-43-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-43-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a study to investigate the effectiveness of biochemical treatments for impulse control 5 (a)\ndisorder. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-43-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-43-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-43-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "It is suggested that people have cognitive maps of where individual food items are located in retail 6\nenvironments, such as supermarkets.\nDesign a study to investigate whether people use cognitive maps to locate individual food (a)\nitems in a supermarket. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-43-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-43-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-43-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Psychometric measures used to assess obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) provide therapists 9\nwith no useful information.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-43-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-mj-43-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-43-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Studies using an fMRI, such as those on pre-cognitive decisions, are of no value in understanding 10\nconsumer behaviour.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-31-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-31-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-31-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the cognitive explanation of depression (Beck, 1979). [2] 1 (a)\nDescribe the study by Oruc et al. (1997) about a biological explanation for bipolar disorder. (b)\n[4]\nExplain strengths of the study by Oruc et al. [6] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-31-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-31-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-31-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe characteristics of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (types, examples/ 2 (a)\ncase studies, measures). [8]\nEvaluate characteristics of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (types, examples/ (b)\ncase studies, measures), including a discussion of qualitative and quantitative data. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-31-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-31-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-31-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline an associative learning explanation for consumers’ preference for product colour 3 (a)\n(Grossman and Wisenblit, 1999). [2]\nOutline methods used to collect data in the study by Porublev et al. (2009) on (b) two\ngift-wrapping. [4]\nExplain strength and weakness of the study by Porublev et al. [6] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-31-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-31-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-31-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-31-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about environmental influences on consumers 4 (a)\n(cognitive maps of retail locations, crowding in retail environments, shopper movement\npatterns). [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about environmental influences on consumers (b)\n(cognitive maps of retail locations, crowding in retail environments, shopper movement\npatterns), including a discussion of cultural bias. [10]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/31/O/N/22\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-32-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-32-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-32-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘kleptomania’. [2] 1 (a)\nOutline of the components that Griffiths (2005) used to define addiction. [4] (b) two\nExplain strength and weakness of the definition of addiction proposed by Griffiths. (c) one one\n[6]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-32-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-32-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-32-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe treatments and management of schizophrenia and delusional disorder (biochemical, 2 (a)\nECT, token economy, CBT). [8]\nEvaluate treatments and management of schizophrenia and delusional disorder (biochemical, (b)\nECT, token economy, CBT), including a discussion of ethics. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-32-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-32-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-32-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘satisficing’ in consumer decision-making. [2] 3 (a)\nDescribe ‘prospect theory’ in consumer decision-making. [4] (b)\nExplain weaknesses of prospect theory in consumer decision-making. [6] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-32-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-32-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-32-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-32-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about selling the product (sales techniques, 4 (a)\ninterpersonal influence techniques, ways to close a sale). [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about selling the product (sales techniques, (b)\ninterpersonal influence techniques, ways to close a sale), including a discussion on\nusefulness. [10]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/32/O/N/22\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-33-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-33-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-33-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the cognitive explanation of depression (Beck, 1979). [2] 1 (a)\nDescribe the study by Oruc et al. (1997) about a biological explanation for bipolar disorder. (b)\n[4]\nExplain strengths of the study by Oruc et al. [6] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-33-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-33-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-33-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe characteristics of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (types, examples/ 2 (a)\ncase studies, measures). [8]\nEvaluate characteristics of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (types, examples/ (b)\ncase studies, measures), including a discussion of qualitative and quantitative data. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-33-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-33-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-33-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline an associative learning explanation for consumers’ preference for product colour 3 (a)\n(Grossman and Wisenblit, 1999). [2]\nOutline methods used to collect data in the study by Porublev et al. (2009) on (b) two\ngift-wrapping. [4]\nExplain strength and weakness of the study by Porublev et al. [6] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-33-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-33-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-33-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-33-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about environmental influences on consumers 4 (a)\n(cognitive maps of retail locations, crowding in retail environments, shopper movement\npatterns). [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about environmental influences on consumers (b)\n(cognitive maps of retail locations, crowding in retail environments, shopper movement\npatterns), including a discussion of cultural bias. [10]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/33/O/N/22\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-41-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-41-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-41-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Richard has a fear of oranges and knows about the behavioural explanation of phobias. Richard 1\nwants to be treated using systematic desensitisation (Wolpe, 1958). However, his partner thinks\nthat other treatments may be better.\nExplain what is meant by a ‘behavioural explanation of phobias’. [2] (a)\nExplain how systematic desensitisation would be used to treat Richard’s fear of oranges. [4] (b)\nSuggest ways in which a phobia can be treated, other than systematic desensitisation. (c) two\n[4]\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using systematic desensitisation to treat phobias. (d)\nYou should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-41-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-41-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-41-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-41-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Newspaper Headline: Bugs Bunny goes to Disney! 2\nBraun‑LaTour et al. (2004) investigated the retroactive effect that advertising has on how\nconsumers remember past experiences. In Experiment 1, students received course credits for\nparticipating. Data was collected and coded and an inter‑rater reliability correlation of 0.9 was\nfound between the two independent judges (coders).\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘retroactive effect’ in this study. [2] (a)\nGive example of the data that was collected in Experiment 1. [2] (b) (i) one\nExplain what is meant by an ‘inter‑rater reliability correlation of 0.9’. [2] (ii)\nExplain how this study relates to the debate about individual versus situational explanations. (c)\n[4]\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of giving course credits to students in studies of ‘false (d)\nadvertising’. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/41/O/N/22\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-41-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-41-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-41-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a longitudinal study using observation to investigate whether a token economy 5 (a)\neffectively manages schizophrenia. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-41-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-41-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-41-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design an experiment to investigate gender differences in pre‑cognitive decisions when 6 (a)\nbuying a product. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your experiment is based. (b)\n[8]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-41-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-41-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-41-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘In the future a genetic explanation of schizophrenia will be the only explanation needed.’ 9\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-41-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-41-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-41-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Children should never be used as participants in studies of advertising.’ 10\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-42-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-42-q01-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-42-q01-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-42-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The Blood Injection Phobia Inventory (BIPI) is a questionnaire with items about phobic situations. 1\nThe participants rate their cognitive, behavioural and physiological responses to these phobic\nsituations on four-point scales. Fig. 1.1 shows one of these items.\nItem 5. When I hear a conversation about blood.\nType of Response statement four-point scale\nresponse\nnever sometimes almost always\nalways\nCognitive I think I’m going to faint. 0 1 2 3\nBehavioural I escape from the situation immediately. 0 1 2 3\nPhysiological Response X 0 1 2 3\nFig. 1.1\nSuggest physiological response statement that could be used for Response X in Fig. 1.1. (a) one\n[2]\nSuggest strengths of using a four-point scale to measure anxiety in people with blood (b) two\ninjection phobia. [4]\nSuggest way in which anxiety in people with blood injection phobia could be (c) (i) one\nmeasured, other than using a rating scale. [2]\nSuggest weakness with the measure you suggested in (c)(i). [2] (ii) one\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using quantitative data to assess blood injection (d)\nphobia. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/42/O/N/22\n3\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-42-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-42-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-42-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-42-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Results of Experiment 1 by Woods et al. on the effect of background noise on food perception are 2\nshown in Fig. 2.1:\nincrease\n2\nsweetness saltiness liking\n1 differences in\nintensity of taste\n0\ncompared\n–1 to baseline\n–2\n–3 Sound volume\nquiet\n–4\ndecrease loud\nFig. 2.1\nIdentify the conditions (levels) of the independent variable from the data in Fig. 2.1. [2] (a)\nGive findings from the data in Fig. 2.1. [4] (b) two\nExplain the experimental design that was used by Woods et al. in Experiment 1. [2] (c) (i)\nSuggest problem if an alternative experimental design had been used. [2] (ii) one\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using laboratory experiments to investigate the (d)\neffect of background noise on consumer behaviour. You should include a conclusion in your\nanswer. [5]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/42/O/N/22\n4\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-42-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-42-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-42-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a study to investigate the effectiveness of a biomedical treatment (SSRIs) for 5 (a)\nobsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-42-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-42-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-42-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "When looking at a drinks menu in a restaurant, some people would choose the first item listed and 6\nsome people would choose the last item listed.\nDesign a study using a questionnaire to investigate whether drinks menu item choice is (a)\ninfluenced by primacy or recency. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-42-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-42-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-42-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘The cognitive explanation of phobias is better than all other explanations.’ 9\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-42-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-42-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-42-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Shopper movement patterns are of no use to understanding shopper behaviour.’ 10\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-43-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-43-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-43-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Richard has a fear of oranges and knows about the behavioural explanation of phobias. Richard 1\nwants to be treated using systematic desensitisation (Wolpe, 1958). However, his partner thinks\nthat other treatments may be better.\nExplain what is meant by a ‘behavioural explanation of phobias’. [2] (a)\nExplain how systematic desensitisation would be used to treat Richard’s fear of oranges. [4] (b)\nSuggest ways in which a phobia can be treated, other than systematic desensitisation. (c) two\n[4]\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using systematic desensitisation to treat phobias. (d)\nYou should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-43-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-43-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-43-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-43-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Newspaper Headline: Bugs Bunny goes to Disney! 2\nBraun‑LaTour et al. (2004) investigated the retroactive effect that advertising has on how\nconsumers remember past experiences. In Experiment 1, students received course credits for\nparticipating. Data was collected and coded and an inter‑rater reliability correlation of 0.9 was\nfound between the two independent judges (coders).\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘retroactive effect’ in this study. [2] (a)\nGive example of the data that was collected in Experiment 1. [2] (b) (i) one\nExplain what is meant by an ‘inter‑rater reliability correlation of 0.9’. [2] (ii)\nExplain how this study relates to the debate about individual versus situational explanations. (c)\n[4]\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of giving course credits to students in studies of ‘false (d)\nadvertising’. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/43/O/N/22\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-43-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-43-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-43-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a longitudinal study using observation to investigate whether a token economy 5 (a)\neffectively manages schizophrenia. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-43-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-43-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-43-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design an experiment to investigate gender differences in pre‑cognitive decisions when 6 (a)\nbuying a product. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your experiment is based. (b)\n[8]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-43-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-43-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-43-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘In the future a genetic explanation of schizophrenia will be the only explanation needed.’ 9\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-43-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2022-on-43-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-43-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Children should never be used as participants in studies of advertising.’ 10\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-31-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-31-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-31-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘pyromania’. [2] 1 (a)\nDescribe the study by Glover (2011) that used covert sensitisation as a treatment for (b)\nkleptomania. [4]\nExplain strength and weakness of the study by Glover. [6] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-31-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-31-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-31-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe explanations of depression. [8] 2 (a)\nEvaluate explanations of depression, including a discussion about reductionism versus (b)\nholism. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-31-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-31-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-31-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Identify shopper movement patterns from the study by Gil et al. (2009). [2] 3 (a) two\nDayan and Bar‑Hillel (2011) conducted a laboratory study and a field study on primacy, (b)\nrecency and menu item position.\nOutline any results from these studies by Dayan and Bar‑Hillel. [4] two\nDiscuss the validity of these studies by Dayan and Bar‑Hillel. [6] (c)" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-31-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-31-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-31-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-31-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about retail/leisure environment design (retail 4 (a)\nstore architecture, leisure environments, store interior layout). [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about retail/leisure environment design (retail (b)\nstore architecture, leisure environments, store interior layout), including a discussion about\ngeneralisability. [10]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/31/M/J/23\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-32-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-32-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-32-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "For specific phobia: 1 (a) one\nIdentify characteristics of this phobia. [2] two\nDescribe the psychoanalytic explanation of phobias (Freud, 1909). [4] (b)\nExplain strength and weakness of the psychoanalytic explanation of phobias. [6] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-32-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-32-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-32-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. [8] 2 (a)\nEvaluate the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, (b)\nincluding a discussion about reductionism versus holism. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-32-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-32-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-32-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Vrechopoulos (2004) investigated virtual interior layouts of grocery stores. 3 (a)\nOutline the ‘grid’ store layout. You may include a diagram in your answer. [2]\nDescribe the study by Guéguen et al. (2007) on music in open air markets. [4] (b)\nExplain strengths of the study by Guéguen et al. [6] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-32-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-32-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-32-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-32-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about ‘buying the product’ (theory of planned 4 (a)\nbehaviour, black box model, consumer decision model). [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about ‘buying the product’ (theory of planned (b)\nbehaviour, black box model, consumer decision model), including a discussion about practical\napplications. [10]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/32/M/J/23\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-33-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-33-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-33-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘pyromania’. [2] 1 (a)\nDescribe the study by Glover (2011) that used covert sensitisation as a treatment for (b)\nkleptomania. [4]\nExplain strength and weakness of the study by Glover. [6] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-33-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-33-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-33-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe explanations of depression. [8] 2 (a)\nEvaluate explanations of depression, including a discussion about reductionism versus (b)\nholism. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-33-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-33-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-33-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Identify shopper movement patterns from the study by Gil et al. (2009). [2] 3 (a) two\nDayan and Bar‑Hillel (2011) conducted a laboratory study and a field study on primacy, (b)\nrecency and menu item position.\nOutline any results from these studies by Dayan and Bar‑Hillel. [4] two\nDiscuss the validity of these studies by Dayan and Bar‑Hillel. [6] (c)" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-33-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-33-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-33-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-33-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about retail/leisure environment design (retail 4 (a)\nstore architecture, leisure environments, store interior layout). [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about retail/leisure environment design (retail (b)\nstore architecture, leisure environments, store interior layout), including a discussion about\ngeneralisability. [10]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/33/M/J/23\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-41-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-41-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-41-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be treated with biomedical treatments and it can be 1\nmanaged with psychological treatments. Biomedical treatments include the use of drugs such as\nSSRIs. OCD can be managed psychologically using exposure and response prevention.\nExplain how SSRIs work when treating OCD. [2] (a)\nExplain what is meant by an obsession, using an example. [2] (b) (i)\nExplain what is meant by a compulsion, using an example. [2] (ii)\nOutline case study where exposure and response prevention was used to treat OCD. [4] (c) one\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using drugs to treat OCD. You should include a (d)\nconclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-41-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-41-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-41-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-41-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Hall et al. (2010) conducted a field experiment using an opportunity sample at a supermarket to 2\ninvestigate choice blindness. Participants tasted jam or smelled tea. They were deceived in a\nnumber of ways during the study.\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘choice blindness’. [2] (a)\nSuggest strengths of conducting field experiments, using examples from this study. [4] (b) two\nExplain ways in which the participants were deceived by the experimenters in this study. (c) two\n[4]\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using an opportunity sample in this study. You (d)\nshould include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/41/M/J/23\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-41-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-41-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-41-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can receive treatment with a therapist face- 5\nto-face or by telephone.\nDesign a study using a telephone interview to investigate whether face-to-face therapy is (a)\nmore effective for women with OCD than for men with OCD. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-41-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-41-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-41-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Colour can be associated with specific products, but colour can also be used where products are 6\ndisplayed in places such as supermarkets.\nDesign a study using an interview to investigate which colour is best for the display area for (a)\nfruit and vegetables. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-41-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-41-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-41-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Biochemical techniques, such as the use of drugs, can treat all patients with schizophrenia 9\neffectively.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-41-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-41-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-41-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Choice heuristics, such as availability and representativeness, are irrelevant in consumer 10\ndecision-making when consumers make decisions about purchasing goods.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-42-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-42-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-42-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Paul and Lentz (1977) conducted a study with 84 patients with schizophrenia, allocating each 1\npatient to one of three types of treatment, including token economy. After more than four years,\nthe effectiveness of each treatment was compared. Alternatively, schizophrenia can be treated\nusing biochemical techniques.\nOutline how operant conditioning explains token economy. [2] (a)\nOutline the findings about the effectiveness of token economy from this study. [4] (b)\nSuggest reasons why an independent measures design was a better choice for this study (c) two\nthan any other experimental design. [4]\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using biochemical techniques to treat schizophrenia. (d)\nYou should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-42-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-42-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-42-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-42-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Gil et al. (2009) used closed-circuit television (CCTV) to record shopper movement patterns in 2\na supermarket. Fig. 2.1 shows the movement pattern for a ‘short trip’ shopper. Shoppers were\ninterviewed twice, with the second being an extensive interview when the shoppers left the\nsupermarket.\nFig. 2.1\nSuggest how ethical guideline could have been followed in this study. [2] (a) one\nExplain types of movement pattern identified by the CCTV recordings, other than ‘short (b) two\ntrip’. [4]\nExplain feature of the interviews conducted with shoppers in this study. [2] (c) (i) one\nGive strength of using the feature you explained in in this study. [2] (ii) one (c)(i)\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using CCTV to investigate shopper behaviour. You (d)\nshould include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/42/M/J/23\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-42-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-42-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-42-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a study using observation to investigate the frequency of the characteristics of 5 (a)\nschizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-42-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-42-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-42-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Advertising can be made more effective using a slogan. Two kinds of slogans are ‘jingle slogans’ 6\n(slogans with music) and ‘non-jingle slogans’ (slogans without music).\nDesign a study to investigate whether jingle slogans are recalled significantly more than (a)\nnon-jingle slogans. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-42-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-42-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-42-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘All impulse control disorders are caused by high levels of dopamine.’ 9\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-42-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-42-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-42-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘It is essential to collect both qualitative and quantitative data when conducting studies about the 10\neffect of brand recognition in children.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-43-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-43-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-43-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be treated with biomedical treatments and it can be 1\nmanaged with psychological treatments. Biomedical treatments include the use of drugs such as\nSSRIs. OCD can be managed psychologically using exposure and response prevention.\nExplain how SSRIs work when treating OCD. [2] (a)\nExplain what is meant by an obsession, using an example. [2] (b) (i)\nExplain what is meant by a compulsion, using an example. [2] (ii)\nOutline case study where exposure and response prevention was used to treat OCD. [4] (c) one\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using drugs to treat OCD. You should include a (d)\nconclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-43-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-43-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-43-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-43-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Hall et al. (2010) conducted a field experiment using an opportunity sample at a supermarket to 2\ninvestigate choice blindness. Participants tasted jam or smelled tea. They were deceived in a\nnumber of ways during the study.\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘choice blindness’. [2] (a)\nSuggest strengths of conducting field experiments, using examples from this study. [4] (b) two\nExplain ways in which the participants were deceived by the experimenters in this study. (c) two\n[4]\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using an opportunity sample in this study. You (d)\nshould include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/43/M/J/23\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-43-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-43-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-43-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can receive treatment with a therapist face- 5\nto-face or by telephone.\nDesign a study using a telephone interview to investigate whether face-to-face therapy is (a)\nmore effective for women with OCD than for men with OCD. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-43-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-43-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-43-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Colour can be associated with specific products, but colour can also be used where products are 6\ndisplayed in places such as supermarkets.\nDesign a study using an interview to investigate which colour is best for the display area for (a)\nfruit and vegetables. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-43-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-43-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-43-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Biochemical techniques, such as the use of drugs, can treat all patients with schizophrenia 9\neffectively.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-43-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-mj-43-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-43-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Choice heuristics, such as availability and representativeness, are irrelevant in consumer 10\ndecision-making when consumers make decisions about purchasing goods.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-31-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-31-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-31-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline common compulsions of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). [2] 1 (a) two\nDescribe the psychodynamic explanation for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). [4] (b)\nExplain similarity and difference between the psychodynamic explanation for OCD (c) one one\nand genetic explanations for OCD. [6]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-31-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-31-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-31-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the treatment and management of impulse control disorders and non-substance 2 (a)\naddictive disorder. [8]\nEvaluate the treatment and management of impulse control disorders and non-substance (b)\naddictive disorder, including a discussion of nature versus nurture. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-31-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-31-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-31-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline ‘behaviour constraint’ in consumer theories of personal space. [2] 3 (a)\nDescribe Study 2 (the field experiment) by Dayan and Bar-Hillel (2011) about primacy, (b)\nrecency and menu item position. [4]\nExplain strengths of the study by Dayan and Bar-Hillel. [6] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-31-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-31-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-31-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-31-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about consumer decision-making (models, 4 (a)\nstrategies, marketing theories). [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about consumer decision-making (models, (b)\nstrategies, marketing theories), including a discussion of generalisations. [10]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/31/O/N/23\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-32-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-32-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-32-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘mania’. [2] 1 (a)\nDescribe the study on depression and attributional style by Seligman et al. (1988). [4] (b)\nExplain the effectiveness of the controls used in the study by Seligman et al. [6] (c)" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-32-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-32-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-32-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe explanations of schizophrenia and delusional disorder. [8] 2 (a)\nEvaluate explanations of schizophrenia and delusional disorder, including a discussion of (b)\nnature versus nurture. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-32-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-32-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-32-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline ‘involvement’ as a marketing theory (Richarme, 2005). [2] 3 (a)\nOutline of the findings from the study by Hall et al. (2010) on choice blindness. [4] (b) two\nExplain strength and weakness of the study by Hall et al. [6] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-32-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-32-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-32-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-32-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe communication and advertising models (changing attitudes and models of 4 (a)\ncommunication, AIDA model, hierarchy of effects model). [8]\nEvaluate communication and advertising models (changing attitudes and models of (b)\ncommunication, AIDA model, hierarchy of effects model), including a discussion of\nreductionism versus holism. [10]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/32/O/N/23\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-33-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-33-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-33-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline common compulsions of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). [2] 1 (a) two\nDescribe the psychodynamic explanation for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). [4] (b)\nExplain similarity and difference between the psychodynamic explanation for OCD (c) one one\nand genetic explanations for OCD. [6]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-33-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-33-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-33-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the treatment and management of impulse control disorders and non-substance 2 (a)\naddictive disorder. [8]\nEvaluate the treatment and management of impulse control disorders and non-substance (b)\naddictive disorder, including a discussion of nature versus nurture. [10]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-33-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-33-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-33-q03", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline ‘behaviour constraint’ in consumer theories of personal space. [2] 3 (a)\nDescribe Study 2 (the field experiment) by Dayan and Bar-Hillel (2011) about primacy, (b)\nrecency and menu item position. [4]\nExplain strengths of the study by Dayan and Bar-Hillel. [6] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-33-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-33-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-33-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-33-q04", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about consumer decision-making (models, 4 (a)\nstrategies, marketing theories). [8]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about consumer decision-making (models, (b)\nstrategies, marketing theories), including a discussion of generalisations. [10]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/33/O/N/23\n3\nPsychology and health\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-41-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-41-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-41-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "One explanation of bipolar disorder is that it is genetic. The study by Oruc et al. (1997) selected 42 1\npatients with bipolar disorder. Sixteen of these patients had a first-degree relative with a history of\nbipolar disorder. All patients had a clinical interview and their DNA was analysed.\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘bipolar disorder’. [2] (a)\nOutline findings from the study by Oruc et al. [4] (b) two\nOutline explanation for depression, other than a biological explanation. [4] (c) one\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using clinical interviews to gather data about the (d)\ngenetic explanation of depression. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-41-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-41-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-41-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-41-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "To investigate the topic of retail store architecture, Turley and Milliman (2000) reviewed sixty 2\nstudies of atmospheric effects on shoppers. They referred to five ‘atmospheric variables’, including\nlayout and design variables, and point-of-purchase and decoration variables.\nExplain what is meant by a ‘review of studies’ as conducted by Turley and Milliman. [2] (a)\nSuggest ‘point-of-purchase’ variable. [2] (b) (i) one\nExplain how the variable you suggested in relates to model of the effects of (ii) (b)(i) one\nambience. [2]\nSuggest ways in which the effect of atmospheric variables on shoppers could be (c) two\nmeasured. [4]\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using field experiments to investigate the effect of (d)\natmospheric variables on shoppers. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/41/O/N/23\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-41-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-41-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-41-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a study to investigate the long-term effectiveness of systematic desensitisation in the 5 (a)\ntreatment of anxiety disorders. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-41-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-41-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-41-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "McCarthy’s marketing mix model includes four concepts related to advertising: product, price, 6\nplace, promotion (The 4 Ps).\nDesign a study using a questionnaire to investigate which of these four concepts has (a) most\neffect on consumer behaviour. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-41-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-41-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-41-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Psychometric measures used to assess anxiety disorders, such as the Generalised Anxiety 9\nDisorder assessment (GAD-7), provide therapists with no useful information.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-41-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-41-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-41-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘If playing one type of music at one open air market stall increases the amount of money spent, 10\nthis finding can be generalised to all open air market stalls.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-42-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-42-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-42-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Generalised anxiety is a disorder that can be caused by a wide range of situations or events, 1\nrather than one specific event. Whereas for phobias, it is possible to have a specific phobia, such\nas an animal phobia. Generalised anxiety can be measured using the GAD-7.\nOutline characteristics of generalised anxiety, other than it being caused by a wide range (a) two\nof situations or events, rather than one specific event. [2]\nExplain how the GAD-7 measures generalised anxiety. [4] (b)\nOutline case studies that investigated a child with an animal phobia. [4] (c) two\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using psychometric tests, such as the GAD-7, to (d)\nmeasure generalised anxiety. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-42-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-42-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-42-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-42-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Eye-tracking is the technique of using scientific equipment to measure eye movements. Atalay 2\net al. (2012) investigated the central gaze cascade effect using both laboratory and ‘offline’/real-life\ncontexts. They used eye-tracking to study whether the shelf position of an item affected whether it\nwas chosen by participants.\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘central gaze cascade effect’ in this study. [2] (a)\nSuggest strengths of using eye-tracking to gather data in this study. [4] (b) two\nExplain how Study 2 was conducted in an ‘offline’/real-life context. [2] (c) (i)\nExplain finding from Study 2. [2] (ii) one\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using laboratory experiments to gather data on (d)\nconsumer product choice. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/42/O/N/23\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-42-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-42-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-42-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a study using a questionnaire to investigate the frequency of characteristics of 5 (a)\naddiction in a group of individuals diagnosed with a gambling disorder. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-42-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-42-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-42-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Menu ‘eye magnets’ include the font size and font colour of the menu items. 6\nDesign an experiment to investigate which eye magnet leads to the increased orders. (a) most\n[10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your experiment is based. (b)\n[8]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-42-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-42-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-42-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘A case study of a person with an impulse control disorder, such as kleptomania, will reveal more 9\nabout the characteristics of the disorder than any other method.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-42-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-42-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-42-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘If space between restaurant tables is too small it will always cause overload, arousal and 10\nbehaviour constraint in customers.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-43-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-43-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-43-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "One explanation of bipolar disorder is that it is genetic. The study by Oruc et al. (1997) selected 42 1\npatients with bipolar disorder. Sixteen of these patients had a first-degree relative with a history of\nbipolar disorder. All patients had a clinical interview and their DNA was analysed.\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘bipolar disorder’. [2] (a)\nOutline findings from the study by Oruc et al. [4] (b) two\nOutline explanation for depression, other than a biological explanation. [4] (c) one\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using clinical interviews to gather data about the (d)\ngenetic explanation of depression. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-43-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 15, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-43-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-43-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-43-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "To investigate the topic of retail store architecture, Turley and Milliman (2000) reviewed sixty 2\nstudies of atmospheric effects on shoppers. They referred to five ‘atmospheric variables’, including\nlayout and design variables, and point-of-purchase and decoration variables.\nExplain what is meant by a ‘review of studies’ as conducted by Turley and Milliman. [2] (a)\nSuggest ‘point-of-purchase’ variable. [2] (b) (i) one\nExplain how the variable you suggested in relates to model of the effects of (ii) (b)(i) one\nambience. [2]\nSuggest ways in which the effect of atmospheric variables on shoppers could be (c) two\nmeasured. [4]\nDiscuss the strengths and weaknesses of using field experiments to investigate the effect of (d)\natmospheric variables on shoppers. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/43/O/N/23\n3\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-43-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-43-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-43-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Design a study to investigate the long-term effectiveness of systematic desensitisation in the 5 (a)\ntreatment of anxiety disorders. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-43-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 18, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-43-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-43-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "McCarthy’s marketing mix model includes four concepts related to advertising: product, price, 6\nplace, promotion (The 4 Ps).\nDesign a study using a questionnaire to investigate which of these four concepts has (a) most\neffect on consumer behaviour. [10]\nExplain the psychological and methodological evidence on which your study is based. [8] (b)\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-43-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-43-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-43-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘Psychometric measures used to assess anxiety disorders, such as the Generalised Anxiety 9\nDisorder assessment (GAD-7), provide therapists with no useful information.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and consumer behaviour" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-43-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2023-on-43-q10-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-43-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "‘If playing one type of music at one open air market stall increases the amount of money spent, 10\nthis finding can be generalised to all open air market stalls.’\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to\nsupport your answer. [12]\nPsychology and health" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-32-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Prisha is hearing voices that seem real to her but no one else in her family can hear them. She tells 1\nher doctor about the voices and that her identical twin sister was diagnosed with schizophrenia\nthree years ago. Prisha’s doctor diagnoses her with schizophrenia.\nOutline explanations for Prisha’s diagnosis, based on what she told her doctor. [4] two" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-32-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by a situational explanation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 2 (a)\nincluding an example from the behavioural explanation of OCD. [2]\nExplain weakness of the situational explanation of OCD, including an example from the (b) one\nbehavioural explanation of OCD. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-32-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Mary has obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). She worries that something bad will happen 3\nif she does not check her front door is locked 20 times every night. Mary needs help with her\nsymptoms.\nSuggest how exposure and response prevention (ERP) can reduce: (a)\n• Mary’s obsession\n• Mary’s compulsion. [4]\nExplain weakness of using ERP to help Mary. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-32-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-32-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the study by Oruč et al. (1997) on association analysis of the genetics of depressive 4 (a)\ndisorder. [6]\nEvaluate the study by Oruč et al., including a discussion about reliability. (b)\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/32/F/M/24\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-32-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Kabir is setting up a store selling clothing in a shopping mall. He wants to encourage people to 5\nenter his store and purchase clothing.\nSuggest ways that Kabir can encourage people to enter his store, using your knowledge of two\nstore choice, including demographics (e.g. age and gender). [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-32-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline ‘convenience’ from Lauterborn’s 4 Cs marketing mix model. [2] 6 (a)\nLauterborn’s model can be applied to everyday life, such as for advertising products. (b)\nExplain strength of using ‘convenience’ for advertising a product on the internet. [2] one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-32-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Company B has recently won an award for the easiest-to-use mobile phone so are planning 7 (a)\nto change their slogan. Their current slogan is ‘B is brilliant’.\nExplain reasons why ‘B is brilliant’ is an effective slogan. [4] two not\nExplain problem psychologists have when they investigate slogans. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-32-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-32-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-32-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about: 8 (a)\n• choice blindness, and\n• consumer memory for advertising including how retroactive and proactive interference\naffect memory. [6]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about: (b)\n• choice blindness, and\n• consumer memory for advertising including how retroactive and proactive interference\naffect memory,\nincluding a discussion about experiments.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/32/F/M/24\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-42-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-42-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-42-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study by Grant et al. (2008) on treating gambling disorder with drugs and placebo: 1\nExplain what is meant by a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial as used in this study. [4] (a)\nSuggest effect if a double-blind trial had been used in this study. [2] (b) one not\nExplain strengths of conducting placebo-controlled trials in studies of gambling disorder. (c) two\n[4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-42-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-42-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-42-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Generalised anxiety disorder can be assessed using the GAD-7. 2\nOutline how answers are scored on the GAD-7 scale. [2] (a)\nSuggest how the validity of the GAD-7 could be tested. [2] (b)\nExplain strength and weakness of the GAD-7 scale. [4] (c) one one\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-42-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-42-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-42-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study by Yokley and Glenwick (1984) on improving medical adherence using 5\ncommunity interventions:\nDescribe cause of confounding identified by Yokley and Glenwick. [2] (a) (i) one\nExplain what was done in the study by Yokley and Glenwick to prevent confounding. [2] (ii)\nSuggest strategy for promoting health that could be used to improve medical adherence, (b) one\nother than the strategy used by Yokley and Glenwick. [2]\nExplain strengths of conducting field experiments to study participation in immunisation (c) two\ninterventions in communities. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-42-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-42-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-42-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘mirror treatment’ for phantom limb pain. [2] 6 (a)\nSuggest biological/biochemical way in which phantom limb pain can be treated. [2] (b) one\nExplain strengths of mirror treatment for phantom limb pain. [4] (c) two\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-42-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-42-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-42-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a covert observation to investigate the effectiveness of covert sensitisation for treating 9 (a)\nkleptomania.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• structured observation or unstructured observation\n• steps for making the study reliable. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of structured observation or unstructured observation. (c) (i) one\n[2]\nExplain strength of using covert observation in your study. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of steps for making the study reliable. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-42-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-42-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-m-42-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-42-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Wayfinding is affected by factors such as signs and ‘you are here’ maps. 10\nPlan a study using a questionnaire to investigate whether the use of signs is more effective (a)\nthan ‘you are here’ maps when wayfinding in a shopping mall.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• sampling technique\n• question format. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of sampling technique. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of sampling technique. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of question format. [2] (iii) one\n© UCLES 2024 9990/42/F/M/24\n5\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-31-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Sarah is always thinking about germs. At work she eats lunch alone as she believes this will 1\nprotect her colleagues. She always washes her hands for 15 minutes in very hot water. She feels\nbetter after this, but after 45 minutes she wants to wash again. When Sarah gets home, she\nwashes her clothing, shoes and coat. One day, when Sarah had sat next to a colleague, she could\nnot sleep that night as she was convinced that he would get ill.\nExplain how Sarah meets the diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-31-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by the determinism versus free-will debate. [2] 2 (a)\nExplain strength of applying the determinism side of the determinism versus free-will (b) one\ndebate to the biochemical explanation for depressive disorder (unipolar). [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-31-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Olivia has a bipolar disorder and is receiving cognitive restructuring as therapy. In her first session 3\nshe said:\n‘My life used to be 100% perfect! I had an amazing job and friends. I stayed up one night to\nresearch an expensive holiday. Recently everything has changed. I am not working and have\nno energy. No one likes me, not even my family, as I am not fun to be with. I have cancelled the\nholiday. Why does this keep happening to me? I feel amazing for a while and then it all changes\nand I am depressed again.’\nSuggest how cognitive restructuring can help Olivia with both her depressive and manic (a)\nepisodes. [4]\nExplain strength of using cognitive restructuring therapy with Olivia. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-31-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-31-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the behavioural explanation and the psychodynamic explanation of fear-related 4 (a)\ndisorders. [6]\nEvaluate the behavioural explanation and the psychodynamic explanation of fear-related (b)\ndisorders, including a discussion about longitudinal studies.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/31/M/J/24\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-31-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Snyder and DeBono (1985) found that high self-monitors and low self-monitors have different 5\npreferences for advertising strategies. This finding could be used for advertising winter coats.\nSuggest advertising strategy for winter coats that would appeal to high self-monitors. [2] (a) one\nSuggest advertising strategy for winter coats that would appeal to low self-monitors. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-31-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline ‘satisficing’ as a model of consumer decision-making. [2] 6 (a)\nExplain how satisficing as a model of consumer decision-making is reductionist. [2] (b)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-31-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Zahra works in a large store that sells a wide range of goods. She notices that customers in the 7\nstore spend a long time looking at the computers, comparing prices and asking questions. She\nalso notices that when customers select grocery items they only briefly look at what they put into\ntheir shopping trolley.\nExplain reason why the customers shopping for computers are using system 2 for (a) (i) one\ndecision-making. [2]\nExplain reason why the customers shopping for groceries are using system 1 for (ii) one\ndecision-making. [2]\nExplain problem with identifying whether a customer is using system 1 or system 2 for (b) one\ndecision-making. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-31-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-31-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-31-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about: 8 (a)\n• the features of menu design which have positive and negative impacts, and\n• the effect of food name on menu item choice. [6]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about: (b)\n• the features of menu design which have positive and negative impacts, and\n• the effect of food name on menu item choice,\nincluding a discussion about generalisations from findings.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/31/M/J/24\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-32-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Craig has a phobia of blood and injections. He watches someone having an injection on television, 1\nfeels faint and now he is too frightened to turn on his television.\nSuggest how applied tension could treat Craig’s phobia so that he can watch television. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-32-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by ‘nurture’, including an example from the behavioural explanation of 2 (a)\nfear-related disorders. [2]\nExplain weakness of the behavioural explanation of fear-related disorders from the (b) one\nnurture side of the nature versus nurture debate. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-32-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dr Begum is a clinician who sees a patient, Joan. Joan describes how she spends her day feeling 3\nmiserable and not knowing what to do with her time. She thinks it is her own fault because she\ncannot decide if she wants to go out, so she stays in. Joan wants to sleep but this is also difficult.\nSuggest how Dr Begum could use the Beck depression inventory (BDI) with Joan. [4] (a)\nExplain reason why the Beck depression inventory (BDI) is valid. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-32-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-32-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for the 4 (a)\ntreatment and management of schizophrenia. [6]\nEvaluate ECT and CBT for the treatment and management of schizophrenia, including a (b)\ndiscussion about the idiographic versus nomothetic approach.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/32/M/J/24\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-32-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A pizza restaurant is redesigning its menu to encourage more purchases of mushroom pizza. 5\nSuggest menu design features that could help to sell more mushroom pizzas. [4] two" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-32-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by ‘individual and situational explanations’. [2] 6 (a)\nExplain reason why ‘overload’ in relation to personal space supports the situational side (b) one\nof the debate about individual and situational explanations. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-32-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Customers at a supermarket frequently purchase one tin of tomatoes at a time. The manager of 7\nthe supermarket wants to encourage customers to buy multiple tins of tomatoes.\nSuggest way the manager could use her understanding of ‘point of purchase decisions’ (a) one\nto encourage customers to purchase multiple tins of tomatoes. [2]\nFor the suggestion you gave in part (a): (b) (i)\nExplain how this could change the customers’ thinking so that they purchase multiple\ntins of tomatoes. [2]\nFor the suggestion you gave in part (a): (ii)\nExplain problem with this suggestion. [2] one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-32-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-32-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-32-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the study by North et al. (2003) on musical style and restaurant customers’ spending. 8 (a)\n[6]\nEvaluate this study by North et al., including a discussion about ecological validity. (b)\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/32/M/J/24\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-33-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Sarah is always thinking about germs. At work she eats lunch alone as she believes this will 1\nprotect her colleagues. She always washes her hands for 15 minutes in very hot water. She feels\nbetter after this, but after 45 minutes she wants to wash again. When Sarah gets home, she\nwashes her clothing, shoes and coat. One day, when Sarah had sat next to a colleague, she could\nnot sleep that night as she was convinced that he would get ill.\nExplain how Sarah meets the diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-33-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by the determinism versus free-will debate. [2] 2 (a)\nExplain strength of applying the determinism side of the determinism versus free-will (b) one\ndebate to the biochemical explanation for depressive disorder (unipolar). [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-33-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Olivia has a bipolar disorder and is receiving cognitive restructuring as therapy. In her first session 3\nshe said:\n‘My life used to be 100% perfect! I had an amazing job and friends. I stayed up one night to\nresearch an expensive holiday. Recently everything has changed. I am not working and have\nno energy. No one likes me, not even my family, as I am not fun to be with. I have cancelled the\nholiday. Why does this keep happening to me? I feel amazing for a while and then it all changes\nand I am depressed again.’\nSuggest how cognitive restructuring can help Olivia with both her depressive and manic (a)\nepisodes. [4]\nExplain strength of using cognitive restructuring therapy with Olivia. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-33-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-33-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the behavioural explanation and the psychodynamic explanation of fear-related 4 (a)\ndisorders. [6]\nEvaluate the behavioural explanation and the psychodynamic explanation of fear-related (b)\ndisorders, including a discussion about longitudinal studies.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/33/M/J/24\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-33-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Snyder and DeBono (1985) found that high self-monitors and low self-monitors have different 5\npreferences for advertising strategies. This finding could be used for advertising winter coats.\nSuggest advertising strategy for winter coats that would appeal to high self-monitors. [2] (a) one\nSuggest advertising strategy for winter coats that would appeal to low self-monitors. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-33-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline ‘satisficing’ as a model of consumer decision-making. [2] 6 (a)\nExplain how satisficing as a model of consumer decision-making is reductionist. [2] (b)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-33-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Zahra works in a large store that sells a wide range of goods. She notices that customers in the 7\nstore spend a long time looking at the computers, comparing prices and asking questions. She\nalso notices that when customers select grocery items they only briefly look at what they put into\ntheir shopping trolley.\nExplain reason why the customers shopping for computers are using system 2 for (a) (i) one\ndecision-making. [2]\nExplain reason why the customers shopping for groceries are using system 1 for (ii) one\ndecision-making. [2]\nExplain problem with identifying whether a customer is using system 1 or system 2 for (b) one\ndecision-making. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-33-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-33-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-33-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about: 8 (a)\n• the features of menu design which have positive and negative impacts, and\n• the effect of food name on menu item choice. [6]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about: (b)\n• the features of menu design which have positive and negative impacts, and\n• the effect of food name on menu item choice,\nincluding a discussion about generalisations from findings.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/33/M/J/24\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-41-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-41-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-41-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The key study by Freeman et al. (2003), using virtual reality to investigate persecutory ideation, 1\nincluded a number of self-reports such as the VR-Paranoia questionnaire.\nGive examples of items (questions) included in the VR-Paranoia questionnaire. [2] (a) (i) two\nState features of the scale used by participants to answer the VR-Paranoia (ii) two\nquestions. [2]\nSuggest weakness of the type of data gathered by the VR-Paranoia questionnaire. [2] (b) one\nExplain strengths of using virtual reality to treat schizophrenia. [4] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-41-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-41-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-41-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Covert sensitisation is a treatment for impulse control disorders. 2\nOutline how study used covert sensitisation to treat a participant (e.g. Glover, 1985). [2] (a) one\nSuggest how the effectiveness of covert sensitisation could be measured using an online (b)\nquestionnaire. [2]\nExplain strengths of psychological treatments, such as covert sensitisation, for (c) two\nkleptomania. [4]\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-41-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-41-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-41-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the key study by Bridge et al. (1988), the ‘profile of mood states’ questionnaire was used to 5\nassess the effectiveness of their relaxation and imagery treatment programme on stress.\nExplain why the study by Bridge et al. is longitudinal. [2] (a) (i)\nCompare the results for total mood disturbance for any groups. [2] (ii) two\nSuggest how the results of total mood disturbance could be presented in a graph. [2] (b)\nExplain strengths of using a longitudinal study to assess the effectiveness of relaxation (c) two\nand imagery on stress. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-41-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-41-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-41-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by an ‘objective measure of adherence’, in relation to medical advice. 6 (a)\nInclude a biological measure as an example. [2]\nSuggest how adherence can be measured objectively, other than using a biological measure. (b)\n[2]\nExplain weaknesses of using biological measures of adherence to medical advice. [4] (c) two\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-41-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-41-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-41-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "There can be problems with using electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) as a treatment for 9\nschizophrenia, for example side effects.\nPlan an experiment with a longitudinal design to investigate whether there are problems with (a)\nECT as a treatment for schizophrenia.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• controls\n• a directional or non-directional hypothesis. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your (ii) two\nexperiment. [4]\nExplain reason for your choice of controls. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of the use of a longitudinal design in your study. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of directional or non-directional hypothesis. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-41-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-41-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-41-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-41-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Shoppers’ liking of a store exterior and intention to shop at that store can be influenced by window 10\ndisplays.\nPlan an interview to investigate the effectiveness of different window displays on intention to (a)\nshop.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• interview format\n• interview technique. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of interview format. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of interview format. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of interview technique. [2] (iii) one\n© UCLES 2024 9990/41/M/J/24\n5\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-42-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-42-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-42-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study by Lovell et al. (2006) on the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: 1\nIdentify criteria that were necessary for participants to meet to be included in the (a) (i) two\nstudy. [2]\nOutline reasons why some participants were excluded from the study. [2] (ii) two\nSuggest why Lovell et al. did include a control group in their study. [2] (b) not\nExplain strengths of excluding some participants from studies on obsessive-compulsive (c) two\ndisorder (OCD). [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-42-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-42-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-42-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Kleptomania can be assessed using the Kleptomania Symptom Assessment Scale (K-SAS). 2\nState question used on the K-SAS. [2] (a) one\nSuggest way that the reliability of the K-SAS could be tested. [2] (b) one\nExplain weaknesses of the K-SAS. [4] (c) two\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-42-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-42-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-42-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study by Brudvik et al. (2016) on pain assessments by doctors, parents and children: 5\nOutline rating scale completed by the 3–8-year-old children. [2] (a) (i) one\nOutline rating scale completed by the 9–15-year-old children. [2] (ii) one\nSuggest way in which a child’s pain can be assessed, other than using a rating scale. (b) one\n[2]\nExplain weaknesses with the rating scales used by the 3–8-year-old children. [4] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-42-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-42-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-42-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Stress can be measured using sample tests for salivary cortisol, e.g. in the study by Evans and 6\nWener (2007).\nOutline the procedure of study that measured stress using salivary cortisol. [2] (a) one\nCollecting saliva to test from some groups of participants, such as children, can be difficult. (b)\nSuggest how salivary cortisol tests could be conducted with children.\nYour suggestion be ethical. [2] must\nExplain strengths of using a biological measure, such as salivary cortisol, to measure (c) two\nstress. [4]\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-42-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-42-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-42-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using a questionnaire with closed questions to investigate the effectiveness of 9 (a)\nusing imaginal desensitisation for treating pyromania.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• questionnaire technique\n• rating scale. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of questionnaire technique. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of questionnaire technique. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of rating scale. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-42-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-42-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-42-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-42-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using a face-to-face interview to investigate the effectiveness of the ‘disrupt- 10 (a)\nthen-reframe’ sales technique.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• question format\n• sampling technique. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of question format. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of question format. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of sampling technique. [2] (iii) one\n© UCLES 2024 9990/42/M/J/24\n5\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-43-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-43-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-43-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The key study by Freeman et al. (2003), using virtual reality to investigate persecutory ideation, 1\nincluded a number of self-reports such as the VR-Paranoia questionnaire.\nGive examples of items (questions) included in the VR-Paranoia questionnaire. [2] (a) (i) two\nState features of the scale used by participants to answer the VR-Paranoia (ii) two\nquestions. [2]\nSuggest weakness of the type of data gathered by the VR-Paranoia questionnaire. [2] (b) one\nExplain strengths of using virtual reality to treat schizophrenia. [4] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-43-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-43-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-43-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Covert sensitisation is a treatment for impulse control disorders. 2\nOutline how study used covert sensitisation to treat a participant (e.g. Glover, 1985). [2] (a) one\nSuggest how the effectiveness of covert sensitisation could be measured using an online (b)\nquestionnaire. [2]\nExplain strengths of psychological treatments, such as covert sensitisation, for (c) two\nkleptomania. [4]\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-43-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-43-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-43-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the key study by Bridge et al. (1988), the ‘profile of mood states’ questionnaire was used to 5\nassess the effectiveness of their relaxation and imagery treatment programme on stress.\nExplain why the study by Bridge et al. is longitudinal. [2] (a) (i)\nCompare the results for total mood disturbance for any groups. [2] (ii) two\nSuggest how the results of total mood disturbance could be presented in a graph. [2] (b)\nExplain strengths of using a longitudinal study to assess the effectiveness of relaxation (c) two\nand imagery on stress. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-43-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-43-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-43-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by an ‘objective measure of adherence’, in relation to medical advice. 6 (a)\nInclude a biological measure as an example. [2]\nSuggest how adherence can be measured objectively, other than using a biological measure. (b)\n[2]\nExplain weaknesses of using biological measures of adherence to medical advice. [4] (c) two\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-43-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-43-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-43-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "There can be problems with using electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) as a treatment for 9\nschizophrenia, for example side effects.\nPlan an experiment with a longitudinal design to investigate whether there are problems with (a)\nECT as a treatment for schizophrenia.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• controls\n• a directional or non-directional hypothesis. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your (ii) two\nexperiment. [4]\nExplain reason for your choice of controls. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of the use of a longitudinal design in your study. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of directional or non-directional hypothesis. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-43-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-43-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-mj-43-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-43-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Shoppers’ liking of a store exterior and intention to shop at that store can be influenced by window 10\ndisplays.\nPlan an interview to investigate the effectiveness of different window displays on intention to (a)\nshop.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• interview format\n• interview technique. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of interview format. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of interview format. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of interview technique. [2] (iii) one\n© UCLES 2024 9990/43/M/J/24\n5\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-31-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Jude has a phobia of some foods. This affects his everyday life because he is anxious when other 1\npeople are eating these foods near him.\nSuggest how systematic desensitisation could treat Jude’s phobia. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-31-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the reductionism side of the reductionism versus holism debate. [2] 2 (a)\nExplain how the biochemical explanation of schizophrenia is reductionist. [2] (b)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-31-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Aisha finds she has trouble relaxing. She visits her doctor, who suggests using the Generalised 3\nAnxiety Disorder assessment (GAD-7).\nSuggest reasons why the doctor wants to use the GAD-7 with Aisha. [4] (a) two\nExplain weakness of the GAD-7. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-31-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-31-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the study by Lovell et al. (2006) on treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder 4 (a)\n(OCD) using telephone administered cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). [6]\nEvaluate the study by Lovell et al., including a discussion of reliability. (b)\nE valuation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/31/O/N/24\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-31-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "An online grocery retailer currently uses a grid layout in its virtual store. 5\nSuggest effects on customers if the store changes to a freeform layout in its virtual store. [4] two" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-31-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline example of how psychologists can use children in psychological research when 6 (a) one\ninvestigating the topic of brand awareness and recognition. [2]\nExplain strength of using children in psychological research when investigating the topic (b) one\nof brand awareness and recognition. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-31-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Priya is the new manager of a restaurant. She believes that the introduction of background music 7\nat the restaurant will improve the atmosphere.\nSuggest features of the background music that Priya should choose to improve the (a) two\natmosphere in her restaurant. [4]\nExplain problem of introducing background music in her restaurant. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-31-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-31-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-31-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about consumer behaviour and personal 8 (a)\nspace:\n• personal space at restaurant tables (including Hall’s four zones), and\n• overload, arousal and behaviour constraint. [6]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about consumer behaviour and personal (b)\nspace:\n• personal space at restaurant tables (including Hall’s four zones), and\n• overload, arousal and behaviour constraint,\nincluding a discussion of cultural differences.\nE valuation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/31/O/N/24\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-32-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Manjit has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Her psychiatrist thinks all mental disorders have a 1\nbiological cause.\nSuggest how the psychiatrist could help Manjit to understand a biological cause of schizophrenia.\n[4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-32-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the idiographic versus nomothetic debate. [2] 2 (a)\nExplain strength of using an idiographic approach to diagnosing schizophrenia. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-32-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Leo’s parents are worried about his recent behaviour. His mother thinks that he may have 3\nobsessive‑compulsive disorder (OCD). Leo’s father says ‘I do not agree. Leo has not been\nwashing his hands all the time.’\nSuggest reasons why Leo’s mother may think he has OCD. [4] (a) two\nExplain reason why an interview with Leo may help to diagnose him with OCD. [2] (b) one not" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-32-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-32-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the psychological explanations of impulse control disorders: 4 (a)\n• behavioural: positive reinforcement, and\n• cognitive: Miller’s feeling‑state theory. [6]\nEvaluate the psychological explanations of impulse control disorders: (b)\n• behavioural: positive reinforcement, and\n• cognitive: Miller’s feeling‑state theory,\nincluding a discussion about nature versus nurture.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/32/O/N/24\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-32-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A mobile phone manufacturer wants to advertise a new phone. Advertisers propose creating an 5\nadvertisement that is similar in design to advertisements for competitors’ similar phones. This may\ninterfere with consumers’ memory.\nSuggest how consumers’ memory for details of the new phone may be affected by this proposed\nadvertisement. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-32-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the reductionism versus holism debate. [2] 6 (a)\nExplain reason why a competitor‑focused sales technique can be considered reductionist. (b) one\n[2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-32-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Mariyah’s car has broken down and she needs to buy a new car. 7\nDescribe stages Mariyah would go through in buying a new car, using the Engel Kollat (a) two\nBlackwell model of buyer decision‑making. [4]\nExplain strength of the Engel Kollat Blackwell model of buyer decision‑making. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-32-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-32-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-32-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about retail atmospherics: 8 (a)\n• model of effects of ambience: Mehrabian and Russell’s pleasure‑arousal‑dominance\n(PAD) model, and\n• the effects of odour on shopper pleasure‑arousal‑dominance. [6]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about retail atmospherics: (b)\n• model of effects of ambience: Mehrabian and Russell’s pleasure‑arousal‑dominance\n(PAD) model, and\n• the effects of odour on shopper pleasure‑arousal‑dominance,\nincluding a discussion of quantitative and qualitative data.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/32/O/N/24\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-33-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Jude has a phobia of some foods. This affects his everyday life because he is anxious when other 1\npeople are eating these foods near him.\nSuggest how systematic desensitisation could treat Jude’s phobia. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-33-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the reductionism side of the reductionism versus holism debate. [2] 2 (a)\nExplain how the biochemical explanation of schizophrenia is reductionist. [2] (b)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-33-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Aisha finds she has trouble relaxing. She visits her doctor, who suggests using the Generalised 3\nAnxiety Disorder assessment (GAD-7).\nSuggest reasons why the doctor wants to use the GAD-7 with Aisha. [4] (a) two\nExplain weakness of the GAD-7. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-33-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-33-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the study by Lovell et al. (2006) on treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder 4 (a)\n(OCD) using telephone administered cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). [6]\nEvaluate the study by Lovell et al., including a discussion of reliability. (b)\nE valuation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/33/O/N/24\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-33-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "An online grocery retailer currently uses a grid layout in its virtual store. 5\nSuggest effects on customers if the store changes to a freeform layout in its virtual store. [4] two" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-33-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline example of how psychologists can use children in psychological research when 6 (a) one\ninvestigating the topic of brand awareness and recognition. [2]\nExplain strength of using children in psychological research when investigating the topic (b) one\nof brand awareness and recognition. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-33-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Priya is the new manager of a restaurant. She believes that the introduction of background music 7\nat the restaurant will improve the atmosphere.\nSuggest features of the background music that Priya should choose to improve the (a) two\natmosphere in her restaurant. [4]\nExplain problem of introducing background music in her restaurant. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-33-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-33-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-33-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about consumer behaviour and personal 8 (a)\nspace:\n• personal space at restaurant tables (including Hall’s four zones), and\n• overload, arousal and behaviour constraint. [6]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about consumer behaviour and personal (b)\nspace:\n• personal space at restaurant tables (including Hall’s four zones), and\n• overload, arousal and behaviour constraint,\nincluding a discussion of cultural differences.\nE valuation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/33/O/N/24\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-41-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-41-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-41-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study by Oruč et al. (1997) on mood (affective) disorders: 1\nOutline what is meant by a clinical interview. [2] (a) (i)\nOutline reason why the participants were interviewed. [2] (ii) one\nThe interviews were reviewed by a second psychiatrist. (b)\nSuggest effect there could have been on the results if the interviews had been one not\nreviewed by a second psychiatrist. [2]\nExplain strength and weakness of a clinical interview as used in this study. [4] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-41-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-41-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-41-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by the term ‘pyromania’. [2] 2 (a)\nSuggest way in which pyromania could be measured, other than by self-report. [2] (b) one\nExplain strengths of using self-report to measure pyromania. [4] (c) two\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-41-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-41-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-41-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study by Savage and Armstrong (1990) on the effect of practitioner style on patient 5\nsatisfaction:\nOutline how participants were recruited for the study. [2] (a) (i)\nOutline how participants were randomly allocated to the conditions of the study. [2] (ii)\nSuggest problem if participants had been randomly allocated to the conditions of the (b) one not\nstudy. [2]\nExplain strengths of the use of random allocation in this study. [4] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-41-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-41-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-41-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the psychological treatment of ‘attention diversion’ to manage and control pain. [2] 6 (a)\nSuggest alternative treatment that could be used for managing and controlling shoulder (b) one\npain, other than a biological or psychological treatment. [2]\nExplain strength and weakness of using attention diversion to manage pain. [4] (c) one one\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-41-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-41-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-41-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan an experiment to investigate which anti-depressant drug is more effective for treating 9 (a)\ndepression.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• experimental design\n• type of experiment. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your (ii) two\nexperiment. [4]\nExplain reason for your choice of experimental design. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of experimental design. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of type of experiment. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-41-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-41-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-41-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-41-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using a questionnaire with closed questions to investigate the effectiveness of 10 (a)\nmultiple unit pricing on purchases from a supermarket.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• the questionnaire technique\n• descriptive statistics. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of questionnaire technique. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of using closed questions in your study. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of descriptive statistics. [2] (iii) one\n© UCLES 2024 9990/41/O/N/24\n5\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-42-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-42-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-42-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The key study by Chapman and DeLapp (2013) treated an individual with a blood/injection/injury 1\nphobia using an exposure hierarchy with applied tension:\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘exposure hierarchy’. [2] (a) (i)\nGive examples of situations included in the exposure hierarchy in this study. [2] (ii) two\nSuggest how blood/injection/injury phobia could be diagnosed without using rating scales. (b)\nYour suggestion be ethical. [2] must\nExplain strength and weakness of the case study research method as used in this (c) one one\nstudy. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-42-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-42-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-42-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Depression can be measured using the Beck depression inventory (BDI). 2\nOutline how a person’s level of depression is interpreted using the BDI. [2] (a)\nSuggest way that depression could be measured, other than by the BDI. [2] (b) one\nExplain weaknesses of the BDI. [4] (c) two\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-42-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-42-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-42-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The key study by Shoshani and Steinmetz (2014) on using positive psychology in schools used 5\nquestionnaires to gather data. These included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and the\nGeneral Self-Efficacy Scale, both of which used four-point scales.\nOutline the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). [2] (a) (i)\nOutline the General Self-Efficacy Scale. [2] (ii)\nSuggest health promotion strategy that could be used to promote mental health in (b) one\nschools, other than the strategy referred to in this study. [2]\nExplain strength and weakness of using four-point scales in this study. [4] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-42-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-42-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-42-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by a clinical interview. 6 (a)\nDo refer to observing patients’ behaviour in your answer. [2] not\nSuggest how observing the pain behaviour of a patient can help assess their level of pain (b)\nduring a clinical interview. [2]\nExplain weaknesses of using a clinical interview to measure pain. [4] (c) two\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-42-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-42-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-42-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using a questionnaire with open questions to investigate generalised anxiety 9 (a)\ndisorder in university students.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• question interpretation/scoring\n• the questionnaire technique. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for the way you chose to interpret/score responses to your questions. (c) (i) one\n[2]\nExplain weakness of the way you chose to interpret/score responses to your (ii) one\nquestions. [2]\nExplain reason for your choice of questionnaire technique. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-42-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-42-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-42-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-42-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using a postal questionnaire to investigate the ‘explorer’ type of spatial behaviour 10 (a)\npattern of shoppers.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• sampling technique\n• type(s) of data. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of sampling technique. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of sampling technique. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of type(s) of data. [2] (iii) one\n© UCLES 2024 9990/42/O/N/24\n5\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-43-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-43-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-43-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study by Oruč et al. (1997) on mood (affective) disorders: 1\nOutline what is meant by a clinical interview. [2] (a) (i)\nOutline reason why the participants were interviewed. [2] (ii) one\nThe interviews were reviewed by a second psychiatrist. (b)\nSuggest effect there could have been on the results if the interviews had been one not\nreviewed by a second psychiatrist. [2]\nExplain strength and weakness of a clinical interview as used in this study. [4] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-43-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-43-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-43-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by the term ‘pyromania’. [2] 2 (a)\nSuggest way in which pyromania could be measured, other than by self-report. [2] (b) one\nExplain strengths of using self-report to measure pyromania. [4] (c) two\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-43-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-43-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-43-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study by Savage and Armstrong (1990) on the effect of practitioner style on patient 5\nsatisfaction:\nOutline how participants were recruited for the study. [2] (a) (i)\nOutline how participants were randomly allocated to the conditions of the study. [2] (ii)\nSuggest problem if participants had been randomly allocated to the conditions of the (b) one not\nstudy. [2]\nExplain strengths of the use of random allocation in this study. [4] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-43-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-43-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-43-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the psychological treatment of ‘attention diversion’ to manage and control pain. [2] 6 (a)\nSuggest alternative treatment that could be used for managing and controlling shoulder (b) one\npain, other than a biological or psychological treatment. [2]\nExplain strength and weakness of using attention diversion to manage pain. [4] (c) one one\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-43-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-43-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-43-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan an experiment to investigate which anti-depressant drug is more effective for treating 9 (a)\ndepression.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• experimental design\n• type of experiment. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your (ii) two\nexperiment. [4]\nExplain reason for your choice of experimental design. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of experimental design. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of type of experiment. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-43-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-43-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2024-on-43-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-43-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using a questionnaire with closed questions to investigate the effectiveness of 10 (a)\nmultiple unit pricing on purchases from a supermarket.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• the questionnaire technique\n• descriptive statistics. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of questionnaire technique. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of using closed questions in your study. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of descriptive statistics. [2] (iii) one\n© UCLES 2024 9990/43/O/N/24\n5\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-32-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Rahul has obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and constantly worries about his family’s safety. 1\nTo reduce these worries, he arranges his books by colour, newspapers in date order and food\nin his kitchen cupboards alphabetically. If any of the items are placed out of sequence, Rahul\nbecomes very anxious and immediately puts them back in order.\nSuggest how cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) could treat Rahul’s OCD. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-32-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by determinism, including an example from the psychodynamic 2 (a)\nexplanation of fear-related disorders. [2]\nExplain problem psychologists may have when investigating the psychodynamic (b) one\nexplanation of fear-related disorders. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-32-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Eesha has generalised anxiety disorder and her clinician wants to monitor her during therapy. 3\nSuggest how the Generalised Anxiety Disorder assessment (GAD-7) could be used to monitor (a)\nEesha during and after her therapy. [4]\nExplain weakness of the GAD-7. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-32-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-32-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the biochemical (dopamine hypothesis) explanation and the psychological 4 (a)\n(cognitive) explanation of schizophrenia. [6]\nEvaluate the biochemical (dopamine hypothesis) explanation and the psychological (b)\n(cognitive) explanation of schizophrenia, including a discussion about reductionism versus\nholism.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2025 9990/32/F/M/25\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-32-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A restaurant has a noisy kitchen, which can be heard by the customers. 5\nSuggest how the noise from the kitchen may affect perception of food by the customers. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-32-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Research conducted has shown the effect of product placement in films on choice for both adults 6\nand children.\nOutline explanation for why product placement in films affects choice. [2] (a) one\nExplain why it is important to follow ethical guidelines when using children in psychological (b)\nresearch. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-32-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Malika is the marketing manager of a company that sells flowers. Most of the company’s 7 (a)\ncustomers are over 50 years old. Malika wants to market the flowers to younger customers.\nSuggest ways that Malika could use Lauterborn’s 4 Cs marketing mix model to attract two\nyounger customers. [4]\nExplain one weakness of Lauterborn’s 4 Cs marketing mix model. [2] (b)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-32-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-32-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-32-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the study by Robson et al. (2011) on consumers’ responses to table spacing in 8 (a)\nrestaurants. [6]\nEvaluate the study by Robson et al. (2011), including a discussion about self-reports. (b)\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/32/F/M/25\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-42-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-42-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-42-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study by Oruč et al. (1997) on mood (affective) disorders: 1\nOutline the sample of participants used in this study. [4] (a)\nSuggest reason why a control group of participants was used in this study. [2] (b) one\nExplain strengths of the sample used in this study, other than the use of a control group. (c) two\n[4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-42-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-42-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-42-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "State diagnostic criteria of gambling disorder. [2] 2 (a) two\nSuggest way in which gambling disorder could be measured, other than by self-report. (b) one\nYour answer be ethical. [2] must\nExplain weaknesses of using a self-report to measure gambling disorder. [4] (c) two\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-42-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-42-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-42-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study by Brudvik et al. on pain assessments by doctors, parents and children: 5\nOutline conclusions from the study that add to the understanding of children’s pain. [4] (a) two\nSuggest way pain in children could be measured without using self-report pain rating (b) one\nscales. [2]\nExplain weaknesses of conducting research on pain using children as participants. [4] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-42-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-42-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-42-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Malingering and Munchausen syndrome are both explanations of the misuse of health services. 6\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘malingering’. [2] (a)\nSuggest way in which malingering could be identified by a doctor. [2] (b) one\nExplain strengths of using case studies to research Munchausen syndrome. [4] (c) two\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-42-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-42-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-42-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using an online questionnaire to investigate whether rational emotive behaviour 9 (a)\ntherapy (REBT) is effective as a treatment for depression.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• question scoring/interpretation\n• ethical guidelines. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of question scoring/interpretation. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of question scoring/interpretation. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of an ethical guideline that you followed. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-42-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-42-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-m-42-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-42-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Point of purchase decisions include multiple unit pricing and suggestive selling. 10\nPlan an experiment to investigate the effectiveness of suggestive selling on purchases from a (a)\nsupermarket.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• controls\n• directional or non-directional hypothesis. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of controls. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of controls. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of directional or non-directional hypothesis. [2] (iii) one\n© UCLES 2025 9990/42/F/M/25\n5\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-31-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Mahmoud has schizophrenia. His doctor suggests cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) to help 1\nmanage Mahmoud’s positive symptoms.\nSuggest how CBT could be used to help Mahmoud manage his positive symptoms of\nschizophrenia. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-31-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline Miller’s feeling-state theory of impulse control disorders. [2] 2 (a)\nExplain reason why Miller’s feeling-state theory could be considered holistic. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-31-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Emi was unfairly dismissed from her job at a factory which she was very upset about. Afterwards, 3\nshe started a fire at the factory, which made her feel better. Later she felt very anxious and\npurchased matches to relieve this anxiety. As she watched each match burn, she felt better.\nAlthough Emi has a new job in a shop, she is distracted by thoughts of starting a fire there. These\nthoughts make her feel very excited.\nUsing the diagnostic criteria (ICD-11) for pyromania: (a)\nSuggest reason why Emi may be diagnosed with pyromania. [2] (i) one\nSuggest reason why Emi may be diagnosed with pyromania. [2] (ii) one not\nIn relation to pyromania, Emi meets some of the diagnostic criteria and not others. (b)\nExplain other problem a doctor could have when making their diagnosis of Emi. [2] one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-31-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-31-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "For the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): 4 (a)\nDescribe SSRIs and exposure and response prevention (ERP). [6]\nFor the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): (b)\nEvaluate SSRIs and exposure and response prevention (ERP), including a discussion about\nthe use of children in research.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2025 9990/31/M/J/25\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-31-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A shop has been receiving complaints about their virtual store layout. The shop currently has a 5\nracetrack layout.\nSuggest ways that the shop could change their virtual store layout that could reduce two\ncomplaints. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-31-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by free-will, including an example from thinking slow (system 2) in 6 (a)\nconsumer decision-making. [2]\nExplain problem a psychologist may have when they investigate whether consumers use (b) one\nfree-will when deciding to purchase products. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-31-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Sally and Dan want to buy new running shoes. They go to many stores and consider lots of 7\ndifferent shoes. Sally returns to the first shop and buys her running shoes. Even though he has\nseen many different brands, Dan buys the brand he has worn for the past few years.\nOutline the choice heuristic used by Sally. [2] (a) (i)\nOutline the choice heuristic used by Dan. [2] (ii)\nOutline problem a psychologist may have when deciding which choice heuristic (b) one\nconsumers are using when purchasing a product. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-31-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-31-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-31-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about: 8 (a)\n• gift-wrapping including beliefs of giver and recipient, and\n• attention and shelf position. [6]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about: (b)\n• gift-wrapping including beliefs of giver and recipient, and\n• attention and shelf position,\nincluding a discussion about generalisations from findings.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/31/M/J/25\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-32-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Fazli has pyromania, he is unable to resist starting fires. Fazli sets fires and then watches them 1\nburn, in order to relieve his anxiety.\nSuggest how imaginal desensitisation could help Fazli manage his symptoms of pyromania. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-32-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline systematic desensitisation as a treatment for a specific phobia. [2] 2 (a)\nExplain reason why systematic desensitisation as a treatment for a specific phobia (b) one\nsupports the situational side of the debate about individual and situational explanations. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-32-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "When Lina was a child, outside with her mother, she saw a snake. She then developed a phobia 3\nof snakes.\nSuggest a psychodynamic explanation for why Lina has this phobia of snakes. [4] (a)\nExplain weakness of the psychodynamic explanation for Lina’s phobia of snakes. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-32-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-32-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the following psychological explanations of depression: 4 (a)\n• Beck’s cognitive theory of depression, and\n• learned helplessness. [6]\nEvaluate the following psychological explanations of depression: (b)\n• Beck’s cognitive theory of depression, and\n• learned helplessness,\nincluding a discussion about determinism versus free‑will.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2025 9990/32/M/J/25\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-32-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Company B sells bicycles. An advisor has recommended that the staff at Company B use 5\ncompetitor‑focused sales techniques to increase sales.\nSuggest ways that Company B’s staff could use competitor‑focused sales techniques to two\nincrease the sales of bicycles. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-32-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "After buying a product, consumers can be affected by post‑purchase cognitive dissonance, which 6\ncan be applied to everyday life.\nOutline what is meant by ‘post‑purchase cognitive dissonance’. [2] (a)\nExplain way post‑purchase cognitive dissonance could be reduced. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-32-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Steven and Fred sell coats. They are talking about why coat sales have increased on their website. 7\n• Steven says customers decide to purchase a coat because their website allows customers to\nsearch for useful features.\n• Fred says customers decide to purchase a coat because their website is the first one\ncustomers find when they search online.\nOutline which model of consumer decision‑making has been suggested by Steven. (a) (i)\nJustify your answer. [2]\nOutline which model of consumer decision‑making has been suggested by Fred. Justify (ii)\nyour answer. [2]\nOutline problem psychologists have when deciding which model of consumer (b) one\ndecision‑making is being used by customers. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-32-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-32-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-32-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe: 8 (a)\n• a study on any type of advertising media, and\n• Lauterborn’s 4 Cs marketing mix model. [6]\nEvaluate: (b)\n• a study on any type of advertising media, and\n• Lauterborn’s 4 Cs marketing mix model,\nincluding a discussion about validity.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/32/M/J/25\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-33-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Mahmoud has schizophrenia. His doctor suggests cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) to help 1\nmanage Mahmoud’s positive symptoms.\nSuggest how CBT could be used to help Mahmoud manage his positive symptoms of\nschizophrenia. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-33-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline Miller’s feeling-state theory of impulse control disorders. [2] 2 (a)\nExplain reason why Miller’s feeling-state theory could be considered holistic. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-33-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Emi was unfairly dismissed from her job at a factory which she was very upset about. Afterwards, 3\nshe started a fire at the factory, which made her feel better. Later she felt very anxious and\npurchased matches to relieve this anxiety. As she watched each match burn, she felt better.\nAlthough Emi has a new job in a shop, she is distracted by thoughts of starting a fire there. These\nthoughts make her feel very excited.\nUsing the diagnostic criteria (ICD-11) for pyromania: (a)\nSuggest reason why Emi may be diagnosed with pyromania. [2] (i) one\nSuggest reason why Emi may be diagnosed with pyromania. [2] (ii) one not\nIn relation to pyromania, Emi meets some of the diagnostic criteria and not others. (b)\nExplain other problem a doctor could have when making their diagnosis of Emi. [2] one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-33-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-33-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "For the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): 4 (a)\nDescribe SSRIs and exposure and response prevention (ERP). [6]\nFor the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): (b)\nEvaluate SSRIs and exposure and response prevention (ERP), including a discussion about\nthe use of children in research.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2025 9990/33/M/J/25\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-33-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A shop has been receiving complaints about their virtual store layout. The shop currently has a 5\nracetrack layout.\nSuggest ways that the shop could change their virtual store layout that could reduce two\ncomplaints. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-33-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by free-will, including an example from thinking slow (system 2) in 6 (a)\nconsumer decision-making. [2]\nExplain problem a psychologist may have when they investigate whether consumers use (b) one\nfree-will when deciding to purchase products. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-33-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Sally and Dan want to buy new running shoes. They go to many stores and consider lots of 7\ndifferent shoes. Sally returns to the first shop and buys her running shoes. Even though he has\nseen many different brands, Dan buys the brand he has worn for the past few years.\nOutline the choice heuristic used by Sally. [2] (a) (i)\nOutline the choice heuristic used by Dan. [2] (ii)\nOutline problem a psychologist may have when deciding which choice heuristic (b) one\nconsumers are using when purchasing a product. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-33-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-33-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-33-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about: 8 (a)\n• gift-wrapping including beliefs of giver and recipient, and\n• attention and shelf position. [6]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about: (b)\n• gift-wrapping including beliefs of giver and recipient, and\n• attention and shelf position,\nincluding a discussion about generalisations from findings.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/33/M/J/25\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-41-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-41-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-41-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The key study by Chapman and DeLapp (2013) on blood/injection/injury phobia used the subjective 1\nunit of discomfort scale (SUDS) to assess the change in the anxiety levels of the patient ‘T’.\nIdentify situations included in the SUDS hierarchy used with ‘T’, other than ‘getting a (a) (i) two\nphlebotomy’. [2]\nGive the results for situation of the SUDS hierarchy identified in part that show a (ii) one (a)\nchange in the anxiety levels of ‘T’. [2]\nSuggest reason why the data gathered from ‘T’ might be valid. [2] (b) one not\nExplain strengths of using quantitative data to assess the effectiveness of blood/injection/ (c) two\ninjury anxiety measures. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-41-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-41-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-41-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-41-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Ellis developed rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) for the treatment of mood (affective) 2\ndisorders.\nOutline how irrational beliefs are changed by REBT. [2] (a)\nSuggest how the effectiveness of REBT could be measured using a questionnaire. [2] (b)\nExplain strengths of using REBT to treat depression. [4] (c) two\n© UCLES 2025 9990/41/M/J/25\n3\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-41-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-41-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-41-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study on positive psychology in schools by Shoshani and Steinmetz (2014): 5\nIdentify features of the sample used in this study. [2] (a) (i) two\nGive the reasons why some participants withdrew from the study. [2] (ii) two\nThe study included a ‘wait-list control condition’. (b)\nSuggest reason for including this ‘wait-list control condition’. [2] one\nExplain strength and weakness of using longitudinal studies to investigate positive (c) one one\npsychology in schools. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-41-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-41-q06-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-41-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-41-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Identify behavioural categories included in the UAB pain behaviour scale. [2] 6 (a) two\nSuggest way in which acute pain can be managed using a psychological treatment. [2] (b) one\nExplain weaknesses of pain measures that use observation to collect data. [4] (c) two\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/41/M/J/25\n4\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-41-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-41-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-41-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using a postal questionnaire to investigate attributional styles in adults with 9 (a)\ndepression.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• type(s) of data\n• sampling technique. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of type(s) of data. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of the use of a postal questionnaire in your study. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of sampling technique. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-41-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-41-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-41-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-41-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using a field experiment to investigate the effect of food name on menu item 10 (a)\nchoice.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• type(s) of data\n• dependent variable. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your (ii) two\nexperiment. [4]\nExplain reason for your choice of type(s) of data. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of type(s) of data. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of dependent variable. [2] (iii) one\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/41/M/J/25\n6\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-42-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-42-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-42-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the key study by Freeman et al. (2003) using virtual reality (VR) to investigate persecutory 1\nideation, comments were made by the participants about the avatars.\nGive positive and negative comment made by the participants about the avatars. [4] (a) one one\nSuggest how the comments about avatars could be analysed. [2] (b)\nExplain strength and weakness of collecting qualitative data in this study. [4] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-42-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-42-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-42-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be measured using psychometric tests such as the 2\nYale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).\nOutline the scale used to assess question items on the Y-BOCS. [2] (a)\nSuggest way that the reliability of the Y-BOCS could be tested. [2] (b) one\nExplain strength and weakness of using psychometric tests to measure OCD. [4] (c) one one\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-42-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-42-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-42-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study by Yokley and Glenwick (1984) on improving medical adherence using 5\ncommunity interventions:\nOutline dependent variables (dependent measures) recorded by Yokley and Glenwick. (a) two\n[4]\nSuggest way that parents could receive information about the importance of inoculations (b) one\nfor their children, other than by post or telephone. [2]\nExplain strengths of gathering objective data on inoculation adherence. [4] (c) two" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-42-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-42-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-42-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by a visual analogue scale to measure pain. [2] 6 (a)\nSuggest way the validity of a visual analogue scale could be tested. [2] (b) one\nExplain strengths of using a visual analogue scale to measure acute pain. [4] (c) two\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-42-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-42-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-42-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using an observation to investigate which type of compulsion is common 9 (a) most\nin people diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).\nYour plan must include details about:\n• structured observation or unstructured observation\n• type(s) of data. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of structured observation or unstructured observation. (c) (i) one\n[2]\nExplain weakness of your choice of structured observation or unstructured (ii) one\nobservation. [2]\nExplain reason for your choice of type(s) of data. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-42-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-42-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-42-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-42-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using an interview to investigate the effect of background noise on the taste of 10 (a)\nfood eaten at an outdoor market.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• interview format\n• sampling technique. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of interview format. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of interview format. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of sampling technique. [2] (iii) one\n© UCLES 2025 9990/42/M/J/25\n5\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-43-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-43-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-43-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The key study by Chapman and DeLapp (2013) on blood/injection/injury phobia used the subjective 1\nunit of discomfort scale (SUDS) to assess the change in the anxiety levels of the patient ‘T’.\nIdentify situations included in the SUDS hierarchy used with ‘T’, other than ‘getting a (a) (i) two\nphlebotomy’. [2]\nGive the results for situation of the SUDS hierarchy identified in part that show a (ii) one (a)\nchange in the anxiety levels of ‘T’. [2]\nSuggest reason why the data gathered from ‘T’ might be valid. [2] (b) one not\nExplain strengths of using quantitative data to assess the effectiveness of blood/injection/ (c) two\ninjury anxiety measures. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-43-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-43-q02-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-43-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-43-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Ellis developed rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) for the treatment of mood (affective) 2\ndisorders.\nOutline how irrational beliefs are changed by REBT. [2] (a)\nSuggest how the effectiveness of REBT could be measured using a questionnaire. [2] (b)\nExplain strengths of using REBT to treat depression. [4] (c) two\n© UCLES 2025 9990/43/M/J/25\n3\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-43-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-43-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-43-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study on positive psychology in schools by Shoshani and Steinmetz (2014): 5\nIdentify features of the sample used in this study. [2] (a) (i) two\nGive the reasons why some participants withdrew from the study. [2] (ii) two\nThe study included a ‘wait-list control condition’. (b)\nSuggest reason for including this ‘wait-list control condition’. [2] one\nExplain strength and weakness of using longitudinal studies to investigate positive (c) one one\npsychology in schools. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-43-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-43-q06-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-43-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-43-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Identify behavioural categories included in the UAB pain behaviour scale. [2] 6 (a) two\nSuggest way in which acute pain can be managed using a psychological treatment. [2] (b) one\nExplain weaknesses of pain measures that use observation to collect data. [4] (c) two\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/43/M/J/25\n4\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-43-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-43-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-43-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using a postal questionnaire to investigate attributional styles in adults with 9 (a)\ndepression.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• type(s) of data\n• sampling technique. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of type(s) of data. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of the use of a postal questionnaire in your study. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of sampling technique. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-43-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-43-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-mj-43-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-43-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using a field experiment to investigate the effect of food name on menu item 10 (a)\nchoice.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• type(s) of data\n• dependent variable. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your (ii) two\nexperiment. [4]\nExplain reason for your choice of type(s) of data. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of type(s) of data. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of dependent variable. [2] (iii) one\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/43/M/J/25\n6\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-31-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Hugh has obsessive‑compulsive disorder (OCD). Hugh’s childhood was difficult. His mother had 1\nan obsession with germs, insisting on excessive cleanliness.\nSuggest different explanations of why Hugh has OCD. [4] two" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-31-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by ‘cultural differences’. [2] 2 (a)\nExplain reason why cultural differences could affect the diagnosis of an anxiety disorder. (b) one\n[2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-31-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Habiba has a phobia of flying insects. She is afraid of the noise they make and is very scared if one 3\nlands on her. Habiba’s therapist recommends that she is treated using systematic desensitisation.\nSuggest how Habiba’s therapist can use systematic desensitisation to treat Habiba’s phobia. (a)\n[4]\nExplain weakness of systematic desensitisation. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-31-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-31-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists investigating the treatment and management of mood (affective) 4 (a)\ndisorders have discovered about:\n• MAOI anti‑depressants, and\n• Ellis’s rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT). [6]\nEvaluate what psychologists investigating the treatment and management of mood (affective) (b)\ndisorders have discovered about:\n• MAOI anti‑depressants, and\n• Ellis’s rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT),\nincluding a discussion of reductionism versus holism.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2025 9990/31/O/N/25\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-31-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Abdul wants to purchase a chair from a website. The website is designed so that comparisons 5\nbetween items are easy to make. not\nSuggest decision‑making strategies Abdul is likely to use when purchasing his chair. [4] two" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-31-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by ‘determinism’, including an example from choice heuristics. [2] 6 (a)\nExplain strength of using the determinism side of the determinism versus free‑will debate (b) one\nto understand choice heuristics. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-31-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Supermarket shoppers do all behave in the same way. Shoppers can be categorised into 7 not\nfive types based on their different spatial behaviour patterns. Zelda visits all of the aisles of the\nsupermarket when she does her main shopping. However, Louis spends a short time in the\nsupermarket and visits only a few aisles.\nIdentify which type of shopper spatial behaviour pattern would be appropriate to (a) (i) most\ndescribe:\n• Zelda\n• Louis. [2]\nFrank is a different type of shopper from Zelda and Louis. He shows a different spatial (ii)\nbehaviour pattern.\nSuggest how Frank could behave in the supermarket. [2]\nExplain problem that psychologists may have when investigating shoppers’ spatial (b) one\nbehaviour patterns. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "31", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_31.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-31-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-31-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-31-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about types of advertising and advertising 8 (a)\ntechniques:\n• the Yale model of communication, and\n• a study about types of advertising media. [6]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about types of advertising and advertising (b)\ntechniques:\n• the Yale model of communication, and\n• a study about types of advertising media,\nincluding a discussion of objective and subjective data.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/31/O/N/25\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-32-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Halema has been having depressed moods. Her psychiatrist thinks Halema has either depressive 1\ndisorder (unipolar) or bipolar disorder.\nSuggest differences that may be seen in Halema’s behaviour that would help distinguish two\nbetween depressive disorder (unipolar) and bipolar disorder. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-32-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline learned helplessness as an explanation of depressive disorder. [2] 2 (a)\nExplain how the learned helplessness explanation of depressive disorder is an individual (b)\nexplanation. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-32-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Blake has schizophrenia. His psychiatrist suggests treating him with atypical antipsychotics rather 3\nthan typical antipsychotics.\nSuggest reasons why atypical antipsychotics could be a suitable treatment for Blake. [4] (a) two\nExplain weakness of using antipsychotics to treat schizophrenia. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-32-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-32-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the following treatments for anxiety disorders and fear-related disorders: 4 (a)\n• cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), and\n• applied tension focusing on treating blood/injection/injury phobia. [6]\nEvaluate the following treatments for anxiety disorders and fear-related disorders: (b)\n• cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), and\n• applied tension focusing on treating blood/injection/injury phobia,\nincluding a discussion of generalisations.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2025 9990/32/O/N/25\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-32-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Clive is the manager of a shopping mall. He is aware of the pleasure-arousal-dominance (PAD) 5\nmodel. Clive wants to use a pleasant odour in the mall.\nSuggest effects this pleasant odour could have on shoppers. [4] two" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-32-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the nomothetic approach, including an example from the effect of sound on consumer 6 (a)\nbehaviour. [2]\nExplain strength of using a nomothetic approach in psychology. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-32-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Nandi is a chef in a local restaurant. She is designing a menu and knows that food names can 7\naffect customers’ menu item choice.\nSuggest how Nandi could use her knowledge about food names when designing a menu for (a)\nher restaurant. [4]\nExplain problem with carrying out research into the effect of food names on menu item (b) one\nchoice. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "32", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_32.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-32-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-32-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-32-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe explanations and examples of compensatory, non-compensatory and partially 8 (a)\ncompensatory strategies of consumer decision-making. [6]\nEvaluate explanations and examples of compensatory, non-compensatory and partially (b)\ncompensatory strategies of consumer decision-making, including a discussion of application\nto everyday life.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/32/O/N/25\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-33-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Hugh has obsessive‑compulsive disorder (OCD). Hugh’s childhood was difficult. His mother had 1\nan obsession with germs, insisting on excessive cleanliness.\nSuggest different explanations of why Hugh has OCD. [4] two" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-33-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q02", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by ‘cultural differences’. [2] 2 (a)\nExplain reason why cultural differences could affect the diagnosis of an anxiety disorder. (b) one\n[2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-33-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q03", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Habiba has a phobia of flying insects. She is afraid of the noise they make and is very scared if one 3\nlands on her. Habiba’s therapist recommends that she is treated using systematic desensitisation.\nSuggest how Habiba’s therapist can use systematic desensitisation to treat Habiba’s phobia. (a)\n[4]\nExplain weakness of systematic desensitisation. [2] (b) one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-33-q04-p01.png", "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-33-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q04", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists investigating the treatment and management of mood (affective) 4 (a)\ndisorders have discovered about:\n• MAOI anti‑depressants, and\n• Ellis’s rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT). [6]\nEvaluate what psychologists investigating the treatment and management of mood (affective) (b)\ndisorders have discovered about:\n• MAOI anti‑depressants, and\n• Ellis’s rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT),\nincluding a discussion of reductionism versus holism.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n© UCLES 2025 9990/33/O/N/25\n3\nSection B: Consumer Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-33-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q05", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Abdul wants to purchase a chair from a website. The website is designed so that comparisons 5\nbetween items are easy to make. not\nSuggest decision‑making strategies Abdul is likely to use when purchasing his chair. [4] two" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-33-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by ‘determinism’, including an example from choice heuristics. [2] 6 (a)\nExplain strength of using the determinism side of the determinism versus free‑will debate (b) one\nto understand choice heuristics. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-33-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q07", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Supermarket shoppers do all behave in the same way. Shoppers can be categorised into 7 not\nfive types based on their different spatial behaviour patterns. Zelda visits all of the aisles of the\nsupermarket when she does her main shopping. However, Louis spends a short time in the\nsupermarket and visits only a few aisles.\nIdentify which type of shopper spatial behaviour pattern would be appropriate to (a) (i) most\ndescribe:\n• Zelda\n• Louis. [2]\nFrank is a different type of shopper from Zelda and Louis. He shows a different spatial (ii)\nbehaviour pattern.\nSuggest how Frank could behave in the supermarket. [2]\nExplain problem that psychologists may have when investigating shoppers’ spatial (b) one\nbehaviour patterns. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 3, "variant": "33", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 16, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_33.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-33-q08-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-33-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-33-q08", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what psychologists have discovered about types of advertising and advertising 8 (a)\ntechniques:\n• the Yale model of communication, and\n• a study about types of advertising media. [6]\nEvaluate what psychologists have discovered about types of advertising and advertising (b)\ntechniques:\n• the Yale model of communication, and\n• a study about types of advertising media,\nincluding a discussion of objective and subjective data.\nEvaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and\ndebates. [10]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/33/O/N/25\n4\nSection C: Health Psychology\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-41-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-41-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-41-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The key study by Grant et al. (2008) treated gambling disorder in one of two double-blind 1\nplacebo-controlled trials, in a university and treatment centres.\nIdentify the drug used in each trial. [2] (a) (i)\nState the duration of each trial. [2] (ii)\nSuggest why placebo-controlled trials were used in this study. [2] (b)\nExplain strength and weakness of using multiple locations within this study. [4] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-41-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-41-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-41-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline case study of schizophrenia. [2] 2 (a) one\nSuggest why the data gathered from a person with schizophrenia might be reliable. [2] (b) not\nExplain strengths of using case studies to collect data on schizophrenia. [4] (c) two\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-41-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-41-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-41-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The key study by Bridge et al. (1988) on reducing stress during medical treatment divided the 5\nfemale participants into two experimental groups and one control group.\nOutline the procedure followed by the ‘relaxation plus imagery’ experimental group. [2] (a) (i)\nOutline the experimental design that was used in this study. [2] (ii)\nSuggest problem if a different experimental design was used in this study, other than the (b) one\none you outlined in part (a)(ii). [2]\nExplain strength and weakness of using a sample of female participants in studies (c) one one\non reducing stress. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-41-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-41-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-41-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the methodology used in study on improving adherence in children (e.g. Chaney 6 (a) one\net al. 2004). [2]\nSuggest ethical guideline that applies to the children in the study you outlined in part (a). (b) one\n[2]\nExplain weaknesses of using parents/guardians to collect data about improving the (c) two\nadherence of children in their care. Do refer to ethics in your answer. [4] not\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-41-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-41-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-41-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using a structured observation to investigate the effectiveness of imaginal 9 (a)\ndesensitisation for treating gambling disorder.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• naturalistic or controlled observation\n• type(s) of data. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of naturalistic observation or controlled observation. (c) (i) one\n[2]\nExplain strength of using a structured observation in your study. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of type(s) of data. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-41-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "41", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_41.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-41-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-41-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-41-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a field experiment to investigate the effect on spending when playing classical music in 10 (a)\ndifferent types of restaurant.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• controls\n• a directional or non-directional hypothesis. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your (ii) two\nexperiment. [4]\nExplain reason for your choice of controls. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of controls. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of directional or non-directional hypothesis. [2] (iii) one\n© UCLES 2025 9990/41/O/N/25\n5\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-42-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-42-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-42-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study by Lovell et al. (2006) on the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder 1\n(OCD):\nOutline measures used in this study, other than the client satisfaction questionnaire. [4] (a) two\nSuggest how the validity of of these measures could be tested. [2] (b) one\nExplain strengths of using rating scales to assess the effectiveness of telephone- (c) two\nadministered treatment of OCD. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-42-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-42-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-42-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Miller used a case study to support his ‘feeling-state theory’ of impulse control disorders. 2\nOutline Miller’s feeling-state theory explanation of impulse control disorders. [2] (a)\nSuggest way Miller could support his theory, other than with a case study. [2] (b) one\nExplain reasons why generalisations be made about feeling-states from one (c) two cannot\nstudy. [4]\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-42-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-42-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-42-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the key study by Savage and Armstrong (1990) on the effect of practitioner style on patient 5\nsatisfaction:\nDescribe ways that ethical guidelines were followed in this study. [4] (a) two\nSuggest way that data about satisfaction with the doctor could have been collected, (b) one\nother than by postal questionnaire. [2]\nExplain strength and weakness of collecting data on patient satisfaction one week (c) one one\nafter the consultation, as done in this study. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-42-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-42-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-42-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline how study used fear arousal to promote health (e.g. Janis and Feshbach, 1953). 6 (a) one\n[2]\nSuggest way the fear arousal and providing information strategies could be used together (b) one\nto promote fire safety behaviour. [2]\nExplain weaknesses of using fear arousal to promote health. [4] (c) two\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-42-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-42-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-42-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using a questionnaire to investigate thoughts about fires in people diagnosed 9 (a)\nwith pyromania.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• question format\n• questionnaire technique. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of question format. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of question format. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of questionnaire technique. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-42-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "42", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_42.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-42-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-42-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-42-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan an experiment to investigate differences between adult males and adult females in brand 10 (a)\nrecognition.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• directional or non-directional hypothesis\n• descriptive statistics. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your (ii) two\nexperiment. [4]\nExplain reason for your choice of directional or non-directional hypothesis. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain strength of your choice of type of experiment. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of descriptive statistics. [2] (iii) one\n© UCLES 2025 9990/42/O/N/25\n5\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-43-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-43-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-43-q01", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The key study by Grant et al. (2008) treated gambling disorder in one of two double-blind 1\nplacebo-controlled trials, in a university and treatment centres.\nIdentify the drug used in each trial. [2] (a) (i)\nState the duration of each trial. [2] (ii)\nSuggest why placebo-controlled trials were used in this study. [2] (b)\nExplain strength and weakness of using multiple locations within this study. [4] (c) one one" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-43-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-43-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-43-q02", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline case study of schizophrenia. [2] 2 (a) one\nSuggest why the data gathered from a person with schizophrenia might be reliable. [2] (b) not\nExplain strengths of using case studies to collect data on schizophrenia. [4] (c) two\nConsumer Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-43-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-43-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-43-q05", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The key study by Bridge et al. (1988) on reducing stress during medical treatment divided the 5\nfemale participants into two experimental groups and one control group.\nOutline the procedure followed by the ‘relaxation plus imagery’ experimental group. [2] (a) (i)\nOutline the experimental design that was used in this study. [2] (ii)\nSuggest problem if a different experimental design was used in this study, other than the (b) one\none you outlined in part (a)(ii). [2]\nExplain strength and weakness of using a sample of female participants in studies (c) one one\non reducing stress. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-43-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-43-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-43-q06", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the methodology used in study on improving adherence in children (e.g. Chaney 6 (a) one\net al. 2004). [2]\nSuggest ethical guideline that applies to the children in the study you outlined in part (a). (b) one\n[2]\nExplain weaknesses of using parents/guardians to collect data about improving the (c) two\nadherence of children in their care. Do refer to ethics in your answer. [4] not\nOrganisational Psychology\nAnswer questions if you have studied this option. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-43-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": 1, "topic": "Clinical Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-43-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-43-q09", "html": "9990-topic-01-clinical-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a study using a structured observation to investigate the effectiveness of imaginal 9 (a)\ndesensitisation for treating gambling disorder.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• naturalistic or controlled observation\n• type(s) of data. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study. (ii) two\n[4]\nExplain reason for your choice of naturalistic observation or controlled observation. (c) (i) one\n[2]\nExplain strength of using a structured observation in your study. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of type(s) of data. [2] (iii) one\nConsumer Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-43-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 4, "variant": "43", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": 2, "topic": "Consumer Psychology", "topic_slug": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology", "marks": 24, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_43.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-43-q10-p01.png", "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/assets/9990-2025-on-43-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-43-q10", "html": "9990-topic-02-consumer-psychology/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Plan a field experiment to investigate the effect on spending when playing classical music in 10 (a)\ndifferent types of restaurant.\nYour plan must include details about:\n• controls\n• a directional or non-directional hypothesis. [10]\nFor piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based: (b) one\nDescribe this psychological knowledge. [4] (i)\nExplain how you used features of this psychological knowledge to plan your (ii) two\nexperiment. [4]\nExplain reason for your choice of controls. [2] (c) (i) one\nExplain weakness of your choice of controls. [2] (ii) one\nExplain reason for your choice of directional or non-directional hypothesis. [2] (iii) one\n© UCLES 2025 9990/43/O/N/25\n5\nHealth Psychology" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-mj-11-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q01", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Milgram (obedience): 1\nState the lowest voltage shock that was labelled on the shock generator. (a)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nDescribe the shock instructions the participant (teacher) was told to follow when the victim (b)\n(learner) gave an incorrect answer.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nMilgram suggested one reason for obedience was the payment to the participant (teacher). (c)\nSuggest reason for obedience in this study, other than the payment. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-mj-11-q02-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-mj-11-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q02", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans): 2\nOutline aim of the study, other than to test the effect of race on helping behaviour. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nDescribe result about same-race helping in the cane (ill) condition. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/11/M/J/21\n3\nOutline comments made by participants who did help the victim. (c) two not\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-mj-11-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q03", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Laney et al. (false memory): 3\nIdentify features of the sample used in Experiment 2. (a) three\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n3 ................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nSuggest real-world application based on the results of the study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-mj-11-q04-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-mj-11-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q04", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe assumption of the learning approach, using an example other than the study by 4 (a) one\nPepperberg (parrot learning).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/11/M/J/21\n4\nExplain how finding from the study by Pepperberg supports the assumption of the (b) (i) one\nlearning approach that you have described in (a).\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain how finding from the study by Pepperberg does support the assumption (ii) one not\nof the learning approach that you have described in (a).\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-mj-11-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q05", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia): 5\nDuring diagnosis, the boy did meet the DSM-IV criteria for one disorder. (a) not\nName this disorder.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nDescribe the Feelings Thermometer. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline strength of this study. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/11/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-mj-11-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q06", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the procedure from the study by Bandura et al. (aggression) from when a participant 6\nentered the experimental room until the model began to assemble tinker toys.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-mj-11-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q07", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): 7\nDescribe the procedure used to select the target words and foils before the main study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nGroup 1 consisted of 15 adults recruited using adverts in a specialist magazine. (b)\nIdentify other characteristics of Group 1. three\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n3 .......................................................................................................................................... [3]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/11/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-mj-11-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q08", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Research has shown that males’ brains respond to positive imagery more than females’ 8 (a)\nbrains.\nExplain ways the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions) differs from this two\nresearch.\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain similarity and difference between the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and (b) one one\nemotions) and other core study from the biological approach. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-mj-11-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-mj-11-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-11-q09", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping) in terms of strengths and 9 two two\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about the use of quantitative data. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n...................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-mj-12-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q01", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Milgram (obedience): 1\nState how many participants took part in the study. (a)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nState the highest voltage shock that was labelled on the shock generator. (b)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nThe participant (teacher) was given a ‘sample shock’. (c)\nDescribe this procedure.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-mj-12-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q02", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Bandura et al. (aggression): 2\nOutline what Bandura et al. meant by ‘imitative verbal aggression’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nIdentify examples that were recorded as imitative verbal aggression. (b) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................... [2]\nDescribe result about aggressive gun play in the aggressive experimental groups. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/12/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-mj-12-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q03", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): 3\nIdentify features of the sample used for Group 4. (a) three\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n3 .......................................................................................................................................... [3]\nSuggest real-world application based on the results of this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-mj-12-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q04", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe assumptions of the learning approach, using examples other than the study by 4 (a) two\nSaavedra and Silverman (button phobia).\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain how finding from the study by Saavedra and Silverman supports of the (b) one one\nassumptions of the learning approach that you have described in (a).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/12/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-mj-12-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q05", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): 5\nFrom the dream-duration estimate part of the study: (a)\nState how Dement and Kleitman chose whether to wake a participant after 5 minutes or after\n15 minutes of REM sleep.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nDescribe the dream-duration estimates for the participant DN whose responses did follow (b) not\nthe same pattern as others.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline strength of the study. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-mj-12-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q06", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Laney et al. (false memory): 6\nDescribe the procedure for Experiment 1 from when the participants returned for Session 2\n(approximately one week after Session 1) until they completed the Food History Inventory.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/12/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-mj-12-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q07", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning): 7\nThe ‘model/rival technique’ was used where one human acted as a trainer. (a)\nDescribe this technique.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nDescribe what the secondary trainer did during the ‘test procedures’. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-mj-12-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-mj-12-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q08", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Research in the laboratory has shown that people are more likely to help someone of a 8 (a)\ndifferent race to themselves.\nExplain ways the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans) differs from this research. two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/12/M/J/21\n6\nExplain similarity and difference between the study by Piliavin et al. (subway (b) one one\nSamaritans) and the study by Milgram (obedience).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.........................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-mj-12-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-mj-12-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-12-q09", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion) in terms of strengths 9 two\nand weaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about the use of quantitative two must\ndata.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........." }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-mj-13-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q01", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Saavedra and Silverman about a boy with button phobia: 1\nState the age at which the boy’s button phobia began. (a)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nState what happened to the boy’s ratings of distress from session 2 to session 4. (b)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nDescribe the disgust-related exposure sessions. (c)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-mj-13-q02-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-mj-13-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q02", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning): 2\nOutline aim of the study. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nDescribe result from the tests on familiar objects. You use data in your answer. (b) one must\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/13/M/J/21\n3\nOutline ethical guideline that was important for Pepperberg to consider when designing (c) one\nthis study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-mj-13-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q03", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): 3\nIdentify features of the sample used in this study. (a) three\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n3 .......................................................................................................................................... [3]\nSuggest real-world application based on the results of this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/13/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-mj-13-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q04", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe assumptions of the cognitive approach. 4 (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain how finding from the study by Andrade (doodling) supports of the (b) one one\nassumptions of the cognitive approach that you have described in (a).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-mj-13-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q05", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping): 5\nIdentify object that a chimpanzee could have chosen, other than the stick or straw. (a) one\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nDescribe the result from the chimpanzee Pan in the first “Can See” condition. You use (b) must\ndata in your answer.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline strength of this study. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/13/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-mj-13-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q06", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the procedure of Experiment 2 in the study by Laney et al. (false memory) from when the 6\nparticipants began viewing slides of food until the end of the study.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-mj-13-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q07", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Milgram (obedience): 7\nIdentify features of the experimenter in this study. (a) three\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n3 .......................................................................................................................................... [3]\nAt the start of the study, participants were told that ‘we know very little about the effect of (b)\npunishment on learning’.\nDescribe what else each participant was told before they were assigned to the role of teacher.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/13/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-mj-13-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q08", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Research has shown that children who watch violent television programmes are less likely to 8 (a)\nbe aggressive.\nExplain ways the study by Bandura et al. (aggression) differs from this research. two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain similarity and difference between the study by Bandura et al. (aggression) (b) one one\nand other core study from the learning approach. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-mj-13-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-mj-13-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-13-q09", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion) in terms of strengths and 9 two\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about ethics. two must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n................................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning), several features of the procedure helped to improve 1\nreliability.\nState what is meant by ‘reliability’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nSuggest how feature of the procedure helped to make this study reliable. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Andrade (doodling), one possible uncontrolled variable was whether the participants 2\nhad friends with the same names as the people in the mock telephone call.\nSuggest problem this uncontrolled variable might have caused. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSuggest how the problem you referred to in could be solved. (b) (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/21/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "State what is meant by a ‘case study’. 3 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOne type of colour blindness is when people cannot tell the difference between the colours (b)\nred and green.\nDescribe how a case study to investigate colour blindness could be conducted.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping), quantitative data was collected. 4\nSuggest strength of collecting quantitative data in this study. one\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain weakness of random sampling. 5 one\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/21/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe structured observations and unstructured observations, using any examples. 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/21/M/J/21\n5\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Kira is conducting a correlational study looking for a relationship between level of creativity and 7\nthe amount of time spent playing sport. Kira could find a positive or a negative correlation.\nState whether Kira should use a directional or a non-directional hypothesis. Include a reason (a)\nfor your answer.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nState what Kira would find if there was a negative correlation. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nWrite a null hypothesis for Kira’s study. (c)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nKira finds a strong correlation. (d)\nExplain whether Kira will know if one variable is causing the change in the other variable.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/21/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Ruth is planning an interview to investigate the emotional effect of being a wedding guest. 8\nSuggest open question that Ruth could ask about the emotional effect of being a wedding (a) one\nguest.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nSuggest closed question that Ruth could ask about the emotional effect of being a (b) one\nwedding guest.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nExplain how Ruth could ensure her procedure is ethical. (c)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/21/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q09-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q09-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Jabir is investigating the social lives of old people and is using a questionnaire to measure their 9\nfriendships.\nJabir will use volunteer sampling but also wants to make his sample representative of old (a)\npeople.\nJabir has identified three features of old people that are relevant to his study: (i)\n• whether they live alone or not\n• whether they belong to any group or club\n• their exact age.\nSuggest why each of these features is relevant to Jabir’s study.\nwhether they live alone or not ...........................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nwhether they belong to any group or club .........................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\ntheir exact age ...................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n[3]\nDescribe how Jabir could use volunteer sampling to obtain a sample. (ii)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [3]\nOutline reason why Jabir may exclude some old people from his sample. (iii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/21/M/J/21\n8\nSuggest how J" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-21-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-21-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Nuan wants to test the idea that the way words are presented affects recall. She predicts that 10\npeople will recall more words from a list they hear than from a list they see.\nDescribe how Nuan could conduct a laboratory experiment to test the idea that the way words (a)\nare presented affects recall.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "State what is meant by an ‘open question’. 1 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nOutline open question from the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams). (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test), two of the groups of participants used were: 2\n• Group 1 – AS/HFA participants\n• Group 4 – participants from the general population.\nState similarities between the participants in Group 1 and Group 4. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nState difference between how Group 1 and Group 4 were selected, other than being (b) one\ndiagnosed with AS/HFA.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/22/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans) raised ethical issues of ‘right to withdraw’ and 3\n‘deception’.\nExplain why the study by Piliavin et al. raised these ethical issues.\nright to withdraw ...............................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\ndeception ..........................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning) the sample was only one parrot, Alex. This parrot 4\ncould have differed from other parrots of the same species.\nExplain how possible differences could have affected Pepperberg’s study. two\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/22/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The mean and the mode are measures of central tendency. 5\nExplain why the mean could be a better measure of central tendency than the mode. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain why a researcher may have to use the mode instead of the mean. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe participant observation and non-participant observation, using any examples. 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/22/M/J/21\n5\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Two friends, Zvi and Bill, are conducting a natural experiment. They are collecting data by 7\nobserving whether young or old people are more likely to become frustrated when trying to get on\na busy train.\nSuggest how the friends could operationalise their independent variable. (a) (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nFor the way you suggested in (a)(i): (ii)\nExplain strength of operationalising the independent variable in this way. one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain what is meant by a ‘dependent variable’, using Zvi and Bill’s study as an example. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/22/M/J/21\n6\nThe friends agree that they should collect data over several days but have different plans for (c)\nwhen they should do this.\nZvi plans to collect data at the same time each day. (i)\nExplain strength of Zvi’s plan. one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nBill plans to collect data over a range of different times each day. (ii)\nExplain strength of Bill’s plan. one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...." }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Jacy is conducting a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of eating chocolate on mood. 8\nShe predicts that eating chocolate will make people happier than not eating chocolate. She has 20\nparticipants.\nExplain why Jacy is able to make a causal prediction. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nJacy gave each participant a number from 1 to 20. She has a hat which contains cards that are (b)\nnumbered from 1 to 20. She takes 10 cards from the hat and uses the 10 people with those\nnumbers as her control group. She uses the remaining 10 participants as her experimental\ngroup.\nName the process Jacy is using in this part of her study. (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nExplain strength of this part of Jacy’s procedure. (ii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [3]\nExplain the experimental design that Jacy is using. (c)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n......................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dr Lee is measuring two variables, tiredness and generosity, on scales of 0 to 10. He finds a 9\nstrong positive correlation between the two variables.\nSketch a graph on the axes below using crosses to show the pattern of Dr Lee’s results. (a)\nYou label the axes. [4] must\n.........................................\n.........................................\nWrite a null hypothesis for Dr Lee’s study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nSuggest advantage of using correlations compared to experiments. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/22/M/J/21\n9\nSection C\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-22-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-22-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Seth is planning a case study to investigate the communication and emotion in a family. The 10\nfamily consists of a mother, father, grandmother and one son. They live in a remote house and do\nnot interact with other people often.\nDescribe how Seth could conduct a case study to investigate the communication and emotion (a)\nin this family.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "State what is meant by the ‘aim’ of a study. 1 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nOutline aim of the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans). (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions) raised ethical issues of ‘right to withdraw’ and 2\n‘protection from harm’.\nExplain why the study by Canli et al. raised these ethical issues.\nright to withdraw ...............................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nprotection from harm ........................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/23/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Laney et al. (false memory), random allocation was used. 3\nExplain what is meant by ‘random allocation’, using this study as an example. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain strength of using random allocation in this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Bandura et al. (aggression), children were shown a room full of attractive toys to 4\nplay with but were told they were for other children.\nExplain of the two reasons Bandura et al. gave for doing this. one\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/23/M/J/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Two studies are using different methods to investigate the topic of dreaming in deaf people: 5\n• Dr Kahlil is studying Joseph, who is deaf and has dreams about people using sign language.\n• Dr Hart is studying six deaf people and six hearing people to compare the length of their REM\nperiods.\nExplain which of these investigations is a case study. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain strength of using a case study to investigate this topic. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe positive correlations and negative correlations, using any examples. 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/23/M/J/21\n5\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Jane is planning a laboratory experiment with two groups of participants. One group speaks one 7\nlanguage fluently and the other group speaks two or more languages fluently. Jane thinks this\nmay affect her dependent variable of how well they learn ‘nonsense’ words. These are words that\nread like real words but have no meaning.\nJane has two possible ways to measure her dependent variable: (a)\n• by timing how quickly the participant can recall 10 nonsense words correctly\n• by counting the number of spelling errors made when recalling 10 nonsense words.\nExplain strength of of Jane’s measures of her dependent variable. (i) one one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain weakness of the measure of the dependent variable that you have referred (ii) one\nto in (a)(i).\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest way that Jane can operationalise ‘speaking a language fluently’. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/23/M/J/21\n6\nJane used an independent measures design in her experiment. (c)\nExplain reason why it would have been better for Jane to use a matched pairs design one\nthan an independent measures design.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Kofi is planning an observation of aggression in sport. He will attend a range of different sporting 8\nevents to record aggressive behaviour. At first, Kofi is not certain what kinds of behaviours he will\nsee.\nExplain why, at first, Kofi uses an unstructured observation. (a) (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nAfter watching different sports, Kofi can now use a structured observation. (ii)\nExplain strength of using a structured observation in Kofi’s study. one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/23/M/J/21\n7\nKofi has decided to be a covert observer. (b)\nSuggest strength of being a covert observer in this study. (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest weakness of being a covert observer in this study. (ii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q09-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q09-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Naia wants to interview young people about how environmental issues make them feel. She 9\nwants to collect data about emotional responses to issues such as recycling. She has decided to\nconduct a structured interview.\nSuggest open question Naia could ask about emotions. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nSuggest closed question Naia could ask about emotions. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nSuggest weakness of using a structured interview in Naia’s study. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/23/M/J/21\n8\nOne participant says that Naia’s questions are too personal. (d)\nExplain ethical guidelines that are important to overcome this problem. two\nDo refer to protection from harm or right to withdraw in your answer. not\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-May-June/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-May-June/qp/9990_s21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-mj-23-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-mj-23-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Riley notices that children at his school appear to be nicer to each other at morning play time than 10\nat afternoon play time.\nDescribe how Riley could conduct a natural experiment to investigate when the children are (a)\nnicer.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.........................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-on-11-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q01", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Bandura et al. (aggression): 1\nState the number of participants used in this study. (a)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nDescribe how the participants were rated on their aggressive behaviours before the (b)\nexperimental conditions.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline conclusion from this study. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-on-11-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q02", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Andrade (doodling): 2\nDescribe the psychology being investigated in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nOutline strength of this study in relation to the experimental design used. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/11/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-on-11-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q03", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions): 3\nOutline the sampling technique used in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline questions that participants were asked during the recognition test. (b) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nDescribe the correlation between participants’ intensity ratings and normative arousal ratings. (c)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/11/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-on-11-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q04", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans): 4\nDescribe what the victim did during a trial. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [5]\nIdentify weakness of this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-on-11-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q05", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Laney et al. (false memory): 5\nIdentify characteristics of the sample used in Experiment 2. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain reason why the Food Costs Questionnaire may accurately measure the most (b) one not\nsomeone is willing to pay for a food item in a grocery store.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/11/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-on-11-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q06", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Pepperberg (parrot learning) is based on social learning theory. 6\nDescribe social learning theory. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nOutline how result from this study supports social learning theory. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/11/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-on-11-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q07", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Steve has learned about the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams). He believes that 7\nthe study is ethical.\nOutline what is meant by the ethical guideline of ‘informed consent’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline why Steve is correct that this study is ethical, using evidence in your answer. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/11/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-on-11-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q08", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the debate about individual and situational explanations in psychology, using an 8 (a)\nexample other than the study by Milgram (obedience).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain what psychologists have learned about obedience using results from the study (b) two\nby Milgram.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n....................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-on-11-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-on-11-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-11-q09", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test) in terms of strengths and 9 two two\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about generalisations. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n......................................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-on-12-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q01", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Saavedra and Silverman about a boy with a button phobia: 1\nState who provided the boy with positive reinforcement during the Behavioural Exposures (a)\nstage of his therapy.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nName stimuli that were rated 4 or lower on the boy’s Disgust/Fear Hierarchy. (b) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................... [2]\nOutline conclusion from this study. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-on-12-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q02", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning): 2\nDescribe the psychology being investigated in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nOutline strength of this study in relation to validity. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/12/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-on-12-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q03", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Before the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions), other psychologists had found a 3\nrelationship between amygdala activation and memory.\nCanli et al. reported three alternative reasons for this relationship, other than amygdala activation\ncausing the formation of memories.\nOutline of these alternative reasons. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nDescribe the correlation between participants’ intensity ratings and valence ratings. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/12/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-on-12-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q04", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping): 4\nDescribe the familiarisation phase of this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nOutline the possible outcomes that ended a trial. (b) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nIdentify methodological weakness of this study. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/12/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-on-12-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q05", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion): 5\nIdentify features of the sample used in this study. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOne of the questions that the participants were asked about their mood was ‘How good or (b)\nhappy would you say you feel at present?’\nExplain reason why this question may measure mood accurately. one not\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-on-12-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q06", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test) is based on Theory of Mind. 6\nDescribe what is meant by ‘Theory of Mind’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nSuggest real-world application based on the procedure of this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/12/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-on-12-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q07", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Jamie has learned about the study by Milgram (obedience). He believes that the study is unethical. 7\nOutline what is meant by the ethical guideline of ‘informed consent’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline why Jamie is correct that this study is unethical, using evidence in your answer. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/12/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-on-12-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q08", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the debate about individual and situational explanations in psychology, using an 8 (a)\nexample from the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain what psychologists have learned about sleep and dreams using results from the (b) two\nstudy by Dement and Kleitman. Do refer to the debate about the individual and situational not\nexplanations in your answer.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-on-12-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-on-12-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-12-q09", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Bandura et al. (aggression) in terms of strengths and weaknesses. 9 two two\nAt least one of your evaluation points be about the use of quantitative data. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n............................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-on-13-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q01", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Andrade (doodling): 1\nState the number of participants used in this study. (a)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nIdentify features of the mock telephone message that was played to the participants. (b) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline conclusion from this study. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/13/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-on-13-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q02", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping): 2\nDescribe the psychology being investigated in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nOutline strength of this study in relation to validity. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/13/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-on-13-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q03", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Milgram (obedience): 3\nOutline the sampling technique used in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nState characteristics of the victim (learner) used in this study. (b) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................... [2]\nWhen the participant (teacher) pressed a switch on the shock generator, there were several (c)\nchanges.\nDescribe changes on the shock generator after the participant pressed a switch, other two\nthan a bright red light illuminating.\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/13/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-on-13-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q04", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions): 4\nDescribe the procedure of the study when the participants were having their brain scans. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [5]\nIdentify methodological weakness of this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/13/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-on-13-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q05", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): 5\nGroup 3 included males and females. (a)\nIdentify other characteristics of Group 3. two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................... [2]\nEach participant’s attribution of mental state was tested by their selection of a word to describe (b)\nthe pair of eyes in a photograph.\nExplain reason why this test may accurately measure attribution of mental state. one not\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/13/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2021-on-13-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q06", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Schachter and Singer is based on the two-factor theory of emotion. 6\nDescribe what is meant by the two-factor theory of emotion. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nOutline how result from this study supports the two-factor theory of emotion. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/13/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2021-on-13-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q07", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Lizzie has learned about the study by Laney et al. (false memory). She believes that the study is 7\nunethical.\nOutline what is meant by the ethical guideline of ‘informed consent’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline why Lizzie is correct that the study is unethical, using evidence in your answer. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/13/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2021-on-13-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q08", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline the nature versus nurture debate in psychology, using an example other than the 8 (a)\nstudy by Bandura et al. (aggression).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain what psychologists have learned about aggression using results from the study (b) two\nby Bandura et al.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.............................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-on-13-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2021-on-13-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-13-q09", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans) in terms of strengths and 9 two two\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about the use of qualitative data. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n......................" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain why a questionnaire is a self-report method, including an example from a core study 1 (a)\nin your answer.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain strength of using questionnaires in research. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) compared dream duration estimates for 5-minute and 2\n15-minute REM periods.\nWrite a null hypothesis for this part of the study.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/21/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Bandura et al. (aggression), inter-rater reliability was measured. 3\nOutline what is meant by ‘inter-rater reliability’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nDescribe part of the procedure that improved inter-rater reliability in this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/21/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans), observers counted the total number of victims 4\nhelped. The results were that 62 ‘cane’ victims and 19 ‘drunk’ victims were helped.\nDraw a bar chart of these results. You label the axes. must\n..................................\n..................................\n..................................\n..................................\n[4]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In a study on memory, participants had to recall a story. The researchers measured memory by 5\nrating the accuracy of each participant’s recall of the story on a 10-point scale.\nSuggest weakness of using this scale to measure memory. one\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/21/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe laboratory experiments and field experiments, using any examples. 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/21/O/N/21\n6\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Bruce is planning a case study of a famous woman known worldwide for her helpfulness. 7\nExplain strength of the case study research method. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain weaknesses of the case study research method, using Bruce’s study as an (b) two\nexample.\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/21/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Nola is investigating whether there is a correlation between hours of sleep and how much a 8\nperson argues. She thinks that people who sleep less may argue more. Her friend Tim is making\nsuggestions about her procedure.\nNola and Tim have different ideas for recording participants’ hours of sleep per night: (a)\n• Nola plans to ask participants to record this at home.\n• Tim says it would be better to record this in a laboratory.\nSuggest ethical reason why Nola’s idea is better than Tim’s idea. (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest practical reason why Nola’s idea is better than Tim’s idea, other than (ii) one\navoiding the need to use a laboratory.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest practical reason why Tim’s idea is better than Nola’s idea. (iii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNola finds the correlation she expected, that people who sleep less argue more. (b)\nExplain why Nola know whether sleeping less causes people to argue more. cannot\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n........" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q09-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q09-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Naomi is designing an observation of helping behaviour at an entrance to a library that has a door 9\nwhich is difficult to open. She intends to observe people carrying many books and will record the\ngender of each person who helps to open the door.\nNaomi could either be a participant observer or a non-participant observer. (a)\nSuggest advantage of her being a participant observer. (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest advantage of her being a non-participant observer. (ii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain the type of data Naomi is collecting. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/21/O/N/21\n9\nSituational variables could affect Naomi’s results. (c)\nState what is meant by a ‘situational variable’. (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSuggest how situational variable could affect Naomi’s results. (ii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..............." }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-21-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-21-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Brendan is planning to use a semi-structured interview in a study about road users. He intends to 10\nuse a sample of people who are walking (pedestrians). Brendan will investigate the pedestrians’\nfeelings, thoughts and actions towards other road users, e.g. other pedestrians, cyclists and drivers.\nDescribe how Brendan could conduct a study using a semi-structured interview to investigate (a)\nparticipants’ feelings, thoughts and actions towards other road users.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion): 1\nIdentify the sampling technique used in this study. (a)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nExplain how this sampling technique was used in this study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOne ethical strength of this study was that health checks were done. (c)\nExplain why this is an ethical strength.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Bandura et al. (aggression): 2\nIdentify the sample and the population in this study, using the following information: (a)\nThe findings of this study on 72 children were generalised to suggest that all children learn\naggression through observation.\nsample: .....................................................................................................................................\npopulation: .......................................................................................................................... [1]\nExplain reason why generalisations should be made from the 72 participants in this (b) one not\nstudy, other than because of their age.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/22/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In a study investigating the emotions associated with birthdays, qualitative and quantitative data 3\nare being collected. A possible problem with some of this data is subjectivity.\nState what is meant by ‘subjectivity’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nSuggest way that qualitative data could be collected for this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test), standard deviations were calculated on the Autism 4\nSpectrum Quotient (AQ) scores and are shown in Table 4.1.\nTable 4.1\nAS/HFA group IQ-matched group\nstandard deviation of AQ scores 6.0 2.9\nExplain what the information in Table 4.1 indicates about the results of these two groups.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘operationalisation’ in relation to the dependent variable and independent 5\nvariable, using the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans).\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [3]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/22/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe reliability and validity, using any examples. 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/22/O/N/21\n5\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Zayn is conducting a laboratory experiment to investigate the effects of lighting on attention. The 7\nparticipants’ attention will be tested using a listening task in either bright light or dim light.\nIdentify the independent variable in Zayn’s study. (a)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nIdentify the dependent variable in Zayn’s study. (b)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nState relevant variable that Zayn should control in his study. (c) (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSuggest how Zayn could control the variable you suggested in (c)(i). (ii)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nExplain why Zayn should control the variable you suggested in (c)(i). (iii)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nExplain practical reason why it is better for Zayn to test attention using a listening task (d) one\nrather than a visual task.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSuggest weakness of Zayn using a laboratory experiment to study attention. (e) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Gwyn is conducting a study about obedience to traffic rules. She believes that hot weather 8\nmakes people angry so they disobey rules. Each day she has recorded the daily temperature and\ncounted the number of speeding offences in her town. Gwyn has categorised the data in Table 8.1\naccording to temperature.\nTable 8.1\nTemperature (°C) 19–20 21–22 23–24 25–26 27–28\nNumber of speeding offences 6 10 9 13 17\nDraw a histogram of Gwyn’s data. You label the axes. (a) must\n..................................\n..................................\n..................................\n..................................\n[3]\nOutline what Gwyn can conclude from her data. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/22/O/N/21\n7\nA colleague says that several situational variables may be important in Gwyn’s study and that (c)\nshe should have controlled them.\nExplain how situational variable could have affected Gwyn’s results. (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest how Gwyn could have reduced the effect of the situational variable that you (ii)\nreferred to in (c)(i).\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/22/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q09-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q09-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Hazel is conducting an overt, participant observation to identify factors that affect the emotions 9\nof residents in a home for elderly people. She is a volunteer at the home, so the residents know\nher.\nExplain practical reason why it is useful that the residents know Hazel. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain ethical problem caused by the residents knowing Hazel. (b) (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest ways that Hazel could overcome the ethical problem that you explained (ii) two\nin (b)(i).\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [4]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/22/O/N/21\n9\nQuestion 10 appears on Page 10.\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/22/O/N/21\n10\nSection C\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-22-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-22-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Jilpa plans to explore how personalities vary. She thinks that people’s personalities can have 10\nseveral characteristics, for example, how serious/playful, talkative/quiet or optimistic/pessimistic\nthey are.\nDescribe how Jilpa could conduct a study using a structured interview to investigate a range (a)\nof characteristics in people’s personalities.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by ‘fatigue effects’. 1 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nIn the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning), fatigue effects could have occurred. (b)\nState examples of the parrot’s behaviour that suggest fatigue effects did occur. two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 1, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain why opportunity sampling may produce a representative sample. 2 not\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Studies using animals should follow the ethical guideline of ‘deprivation and aversive stimuli’. The 3\nstudy by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping) followed this ethical guideline.\nExplain feature of this study that ensured the chimpanzees were exposed to deprivation/ one not\naversive stimuli.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/23/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions), several types of quantitative data were 4\ncollected, including data from fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging).\nDescribe quantitative measures in this study, other than the data from fMRI. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nFor of the quantitative measures you described in (a): (b) one\nExplain reason why it may be a valid measure. (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain reason why it may be a valid measure. (ii) one not\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 1, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the cognitive approach, studies often need to deceive participants. 5\nExplain why deception was necessary in the study by Andrade (doodling).\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [1]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/23/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q06-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q06-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe covert observations and overt observations, using any examples. 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/23/O/N/21\n5\nQuestion 7 appears on Page 6.\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/23/O/N/21\n6\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dhia is investigating when children learn to understand differences between shapes. She is 7\ncomparing children aged 4 years and 8 years. Dhia will test their ability by asking them to sort\nwooden shapes into triangles, squares or circles.\nSuggest ways that Dhia could measure a child’s performance on this test. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nEthical guidelines suggest that even when consent has been given by a parent, a child should (b)\nstill be asked if they want to participate in a way that they will understand.\nSuggest how Dhia could attempt to obtain informed consent from the children in a way that\nthey will understand.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nChildren may express their right to withdraw in different ways from adults. (c)\nSuggest how Dhia might know that a child wants to withdraw from her experiment.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/23/O/N/21\n7\nThe 4-year-old children had been learning about shapes at school the week before Dhia’s (d)\nstudy.\nExplain the possible effect of this on Dhia’s findings.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Bai is conducting a correlational study about pain and hours of daylight. He thinks that people 8\nexperience more pain on days when there is less sunlight. He has asked for volunteers from a\nspecialist centre for back pain.\nBai plans to collect his data about pain using a questionnaire. (a)\nExplain reason why it may be better for him to use an interview to collect this data. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSuggest disadvantage of using participants from a specialist centre for back pain. (b) (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest alternative source of participants. Justify your answer. (ii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSketch a graph of the results Bai expects to find on the axes below. You label the axes. (c) must\n..................................\n..................................\n..................................\n..................................\n[3]\n© UCLES 2021 9990/23/O/N/21" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Mitesh is investigating the effect of doodling on recall of animal noises. He provides pencils 9\nand doodling paper for all participants and tells them that they will hear a recording of animal\nnoises that they will have to recall. Mitesh notes which participants doodle while they listen to the\nrecording.\nSuggest how Mitesh could encourage participants to doodle, other than by telling them to (a)\ndoodle.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nThe participants who doodled recalled more animal noises than the participants who did not (b)\ndoodle. However, Mitesh cannot conclude that doodling causes better recall.\nSuggest reason why Mitesh conclude that doodling causes better recall. one cannot\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nMitesh did not deceive his participants. (c)\nExplain why it was necessary for him to debrief his participants.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2021 9990/23/O/N/21\n10\nSection C\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2021, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2021-Oct-Nov/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2021-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w21_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2021-on-23-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2021-on-23-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Mandy wants to investigate the effects of phobias on the way people socialise, such as how 10\nfriendly they are and the social groups or clubs they belong to.\nDescribe how Mandy could conduct a study using a questionnaire to investigate the effects of (a)\nphobias on the way people socialise.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-mj-11-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q01", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Bandura et al. (aggression): 1\nState the number of participants used in of the experimental groups in this study. (a) each\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nOutline how the participants were allocated to one of the conditions in this study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nIdentify example of imitative verbal aggression shown in this study. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-mj-11-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q02", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions): 2\nScenes from the International Affective Picture System stimuli set were used. Each scene (a)\nhad been rated in two ways.\nName these ways. two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................... [2]\nDescribe methodological weakness of this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/11/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-mj-11-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q03", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Laney et al. (false memory): 3\nDescribe the sample used in Experiment 1 of this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nDescribe result from the ‘Memory or Belief?’ questionnaire from Experiment 1 of this (b) one\nstudy.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/11/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-mj-11-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q04", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Milgram (obedience): 4\nDescribe the experimenter feedback given to a participant if they did not want to continue (a)\nwith this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nStudies in social psychology can be used to help teachers in the classroom. (b)\nSuggest how this study could be used to help a teacher with a disobedient class. Your\nsuggestion be ethical. must\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/11/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-mj-11-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q05", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): 5\nOutline aim of this study. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain reason why the procedure was standardised in this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-mj-11-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q06", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The debate about individual and situational explanations relates to the study by Pepperberg 6\n(parrot learning).\nOutline what is meant by this debate. Include example from the individual explanation and one\nexample from the situational explanation from the study by Pepperberg. one\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/11/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-mj-11-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q07", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping): 7\nDescribe the procedure for the ‘Cannot See’ condition.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-mj-11-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-mj-11-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q08", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Andrade (doodling): 8\nOutline how monitoring performance was scored. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/11/M/J/22\n7\nTwo friends, Seth and Jamie, are discussing this study in terms of generalisability. (b)\nSeth believes the study does have generalisability but Jamie believes the study does not\nhave generalisability.\nOutline why you think Seth Jamie is correct, using evidence from the study. either or\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-mj-11-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-mj-11-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q09", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the psychology being investigated in the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button 9 (a)\nphobia).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/11/M/J/22\n8\nExplain whether each ethical guideline below was broken in the study by Saavedra and (b)\nSilverman (button phobia):\nconfidentiality ............................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\ninformed consent ......................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nprivacy ......................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-mj-11-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-mj-11-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-11-q10", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) in terms of strengths and 10 two\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about qualitative data. two must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n............................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q01", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans): 1\nState the approximate number of participants used in this study. (a)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nTrials on a given day were always in the same victim condition. (b)\nState how the victim condition was chosen.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nIdentify differences between the models used in this study. (c) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q02", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning): 2\nName items that were always available to Alex the parrot without him having to request (a) two\nthem.\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................... [2]\nDescribe methodological weakness of this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/12/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q03", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): 3\nOne feature of the sample in this study was that they were all adults. (a)\nIdentify other features of the sample used in this study. three\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n3 .......................................................................................................................................... [3]\nDescribe result about dream recall from REM awakenings in the first half of the night (b) one\ncompared to the second half of the night.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/12/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q04", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "At the end of the study by Milgram (obedience), the experimenter used an ‘interview and 4 (a)\ndehoax’ procedure with his participants.\nDescribe this procedure.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nStudies in social psychology can be used to help managers in the workplace. (b)\nSuggest how the study by Milgram could be used to help a manager with disobedient workers.\nYour suggestion be ethical. must\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q05-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q05-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q05", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions): 5\nOutline aim of this study. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/12/M/J/22\n5\nExplain reason why the procedure was standardised in this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q06", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by the ‘learning approach’ in psychology. Include examples from the study 6\nby Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia) in your answer.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/12/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q07", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Laney et al. (false memory): 7\nDescribe the Restaurant Questionnaire.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q08", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion): 8\nOutline the category of ‘initiates new activity’ for the behaviour of participants in the Euphoria (a)\ncondition.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/12/M/J/22\n7\nTwo friends, Maryam and Zara, are discussing this study in terms of reliability. (b)\nMaryam believes the study does have reliability but Zara believes the study does have not\nreliability.\nOutline why you think Maryam Zara is correct, using evidence from the study. either or\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q09", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the psychology being investigated in the study by Bandura et al. (aggression). 9 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/12/M/J/22\n8\nExplain whether each ethical guideline below was broken in the study by Bandura et al. (b)\n(aggression).\nconfidentiality ............................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\ndeception ..................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nprotection from physical harm ..................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-mj-12-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-12-q10", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping) in terms of strengths and 10 two two\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about laboratory experiments. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n........................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-mj-13-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q01", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): 1\nState the number of participants diagnosed with AS/HFA in this study. (a)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nThe AS/HFA participants were the only group asked to make two judgements about each (b)\nphotograph. One of these judgements was about the emotion in the photograph.\nName the other judgement this group were asked to make about each photograph.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nIdentify the ways that the revised eyes test increased the range of scores a participant (c) two\ncould obtain.\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-mj-13-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q02", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Yamamoto et al., the chimpanzee helper had access to a tray containing seven 2\nobjects. Two of these objects were the straw and the stick.\nName objects the chimpanzee helper could choose, other than the straw and the stick. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................... [2]\nDescribe methodological weakness of this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/13/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-mj-13-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q03", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): 3\nDescribe the sample used in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nDescribe result about dream recall from REM awakenings in the first half of the night (b) one no\ncompared to the second half of the night.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/13/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-mj-13-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q04", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Milgram (obedience): 4\nDescribe the procedure after the ‘preliminary run’ until the participant pressed the 300 volt (a)\nshock level switch.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nStudies in social psychology can be used to help government officials. (b)\nSuggest how the study by Milgram could be used to help a government official make the\ngeneral public follow a new public safety guideline. Your suggestion be ethical. must\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/13/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-mj-13-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q05", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning): 5\nOutline aim of this study. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain reason why the procedure was standardised in this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-mj-13-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q06", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by the ‘cognitive approach’ in psychology. Include examples from the study 6\nby Andrade (doodling) in your answer.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/13/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-mj-13-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q07", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion): 7\nDescribe the procedure in the Euphoria condition from immediately after the participant was\ninjected, until the stooge started their routine.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/13/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-mj-13-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q08", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Bandura et al. (aggression): 8\nIdentify example of ‘imitative verbal aggression’ said by the participants. (a) (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nIdentify example of ‘imitative non-aggressive verbal response’ said by the (ii) one\nparticipants.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nTwo friends, Arturo and Gloria, are discussing this study in terms of validity. (b)\nArturo believes the study does have validity but Gloria believes the study does have not\nvalidity.\nOutline why you think Arturo Gloria is correct, using evidence from the study. either or\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/13/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-mj-13-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q09", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the psychology being investigated in the study by Laney et al. (false memory). 9 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain whether each ethical guideline below was broken in the study by Laney et al. (false (b)\nmemory):\nconfidentiality ............................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\ndeception ..................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\ninformed consent ......................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-mj-13-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-mj-13-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-13-q10", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans) in terms of strengths and 10 two two\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about quantitative data. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..............................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Bandura et al. (aggression): 1\nDescribe how the quantitative data was collected in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSuggest advantage of using quantitative data in this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A study has the experimental hypothesis ‘Older people will forget more often than younger people’. 2\nThis is a ‘directional hypothesis’ rather than a ‘non-directional hypothesis’.\nExplain what makes this a ‘directional hypothesis’.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/21/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A problem in experimental studies is the presence of uncontrolled variables. One uncontrolled 3\nvariable in the study by Andrade (doodling) was how likely each participant was to daydream.\nDescribe what is meant by an ‘uncontrolled variable’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nExplain why the uncontrolled variable of daydreaming was a problem in this study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A correlational study tested the idea that the amount of time spent using a phone is linked to 4\nquality of sleep.\nState the relationship between the variables measured in this study, if a positive (a) (i)\ncorrelation was found.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nState the relationship between the variables measured in this study, if a negative (ii)\ncorrelation was found.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSuggest reason why it was more appropriate to conduct a correlational study rather than (b) one\nan experiment to test this idea.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/21/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans), one way that data was collected was by 5\nlistening to the comments made by subway passengers. Differences were reported in relation to\nthe type of victim the comments referred to.\nDescribe of these differences. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSuggest problem the observers could have had when listening to the comments made (b) one\nby subway passengers.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what is meant by a ‘semi-structured interview’ and an ‘unstructured interview’, using any 6\nexamples.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/21/M/J/22\n5\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Rhiain is investigating how much time babies spend in REM sleep. She thinks that bigger babies 7\nwill spend more time in REM sleep than smaller babies.\nState the aim of Rhiain’s study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nOne technique that Rhiain could use to measure REM sleep duration is an EEG (b)\n(electroencephalograph).\nSuggest disadvantage of using this technique in Rhiain’s study. (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest why using other technique to measure REM sleep duration would be more (ii) one\nappropriate in this study.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [3]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/21/M/J/22\n6\nRhiain also wants to know whether babies who are in REM sleep are having dreams but the (c)\nbabies cannot answer questions about the content of their dreams.\nSuggest how Rhiain could observe the babies during REM sleep to investigate the content of\ntheir dreams.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 11, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Kylo is planning a case study to investigate the importance of a pet/domesticated animal in the life 8\nof an elderly person.\nWhen choosing his sample of one elderly person he has several decisions to make. (a)\nSuggest who Kylo should look for as a participant, including:\n• the pet/domesticated animal they have and why the elderly person has this animal\n• other decision he must make when choosing his participant. one\nDo refer to sampling techniques in your answer. not\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/21/M/J/22\n7\nSuggest technique Kylo could use to collect data from his participant in his case (b) (i) one\nstudy.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [3]\nExplain advantage of the technique you suggested in (b)(i). (ii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n............................" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Rory is investigating factors that affect feeding behaviour in animals. 9\nRory has chosen to observe the feeding behaviour of some fish. (a)\nSuggest problem Rory could have when observing these fish. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nRory will keep these fish in a container filled with water. (b)\nSuggest other feature related to ‘housing’ that Rory should consider. one\nDo refer to feeding in your answer. not\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain why using fish will limit the generalisability of Rory’s findings. (c)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/21/M/J/22\n9\nSection C\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-21-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-21-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Gareth wants to investigate whether people are more friendly to each other after a positive public 10\nevent, for example, a festival or a celebrity wedding.\nDesign a natural experiment to test whether a positive public event makes people more (a)\nfriendly to each other. You may use any positive public event.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.........................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 1, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "State what is meant by ‘reliability’. 1\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain the difference between ‘qualitative data’ and ‘quantitative data’. 2\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q03-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q03-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion) was a laboratory experiment. 3\nThe participants in this study were all male. A new experiment could explore gender differences (a)\nin the effect of epinephrine. However, the stooge may influence emotions differently in males\nand females.\nSuggest how a difference between the influence of the stooge on males and females could\naffect the results about gender differences in the effect of epinephrine.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/22/M/J/22\n3\nA second new experiment could include a stooge who claims to feel ill because of the (b)\ninjection.\nSuggest how participant variable could affect the results of this second new (i) one\nexperiment.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain ethical problem with this second new experiment. (ii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/22/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test), eight problems of validity were identified with the 4\noriginal version of the eyes test. Two of these problems were that:\n• the task involved a forced choice between only two response options (the two words\npresented)\n• the test included basic mental states.\nExplain why each of these problems affected the validity of this study. (a)\nthe task involved a forced choice between only two response options ....................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nthe test included basic mental states ........................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\nExplain how solving of these problems improved the validity of the eyes test. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/22/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 1, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Milgram (obedience), the sample included a range of occupations. 5\nName of these occupations. two\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n[1]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the use of ‘open questions’ and ‘closed questions’ in research, using any examples. 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/22/M/J/22\n6\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Geoffrey is conducting structured interviews about people’s use of social media. He is investigating 7\nhow much time people spend on social media and how positive they feel about it.\nGeoffrey finds that the time participants spend on social media is normally distributed. (a)\nSketch the shape of this normal distribution using the axes below. You label the axes. must\n............................................\n............................................\n............................................\n............................................\n[3]\nGeoffrey finds that some participants give interesting responses, but he does not explore (b)\ntheir use of social media further.\nExplain practical reason why using a structured interview means that Geoffrey (i) one\nexplore these participants’ use of social media further. cannot\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain ethical reason why Geoffrey may choose to explore these participants’ (ii) one not\nuse of social media further.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [3]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/22/M/J/22\n7\nQuestion 8 appears on the next page.\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/22/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Faolan is investigating teachers’ attitudes and behaviours towards students doodling. She has 8\nconducted a semi-structured interview and has observed the teachers in the classroom.\nFaolan asks each teacher to rate how annoyed they feel when a student in their class (a) (i)\ndoodles.\nSuggest a scale that Faolan could use to measure how annoyed the teachers are.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nExplain problem with the scale that you have suggested in (a)(i), including how this (ii) one\nwould affect the results.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/22/M/J/22\n9\nFaolan is interested to know whether teachers show the same behaviours in the classroom (b)\nwhen students doodle as they reported during the interview.\nSuggest reasons why the teachers’ interview responses may differ from their (i) two\nbehaviour in the classroom. Your answers should relate to the scale you suggested not\nin (a)(i).\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n[4]\nIf Faolan finds that teachers do not show the same behaviours in the classroom as they (ii)\nreport during the interview, this raises an ethical issue.\nSuggest why it could be difficult for Faolan " }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Tulip is conducting a study on social behaviour in animals. She is investigating whether animals 9\nare more sociable when they are in a large laboratory cage or a small laboratory cage.\nTulip has to decide which species to use. (a)\nExplain how ethical guideline relating to animals would affect her decision. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTulip is finding a median. She puts her scores in order. (b)\nState what a researcher should do to find the median if there are two middle numbers.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nExplain how Tulip would find the range of the number of sociable behaviours of the animals in (c)\nthe small cage.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain why it would be appropriate for Tulip to use counterbalancing if she chose a repeated (d)\nmeasures experimental design.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 11, 12 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-22-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-22-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Enfys wants to investigate whether different types of shopper are more relaxed than others. For 10\nexample, whether shoppers with trolleys/carts are more relaxed than shoppers with baskets.\nDescribe how Enfys could conduct a natural experiment to investigate whether some types (a)\nof shopper are more relaxed than other types of shoppers. You may choose to compare\nshoppers with trolleys/carts and baskets or any other different types of shopper.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Andrade (doodling), parts of the procedure helped to reduce demand characteristics. 1\nDescribe parts of the procedure that helped to reduce demand characteristics in this study. two\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "State the difference between an ‘aim’ and a ‘hypothesis’. 2 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nA non-directional hypothesis for a study states that ‘Boys and girls differ in how aggressive (b)\nthey are’ but the researcher has decided to use a directional hypothesis instead.\nSuggest a directional hypothesis for this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/23/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Milgram (obedience) was not an experiment because there was no independent 3\nvariable. Milgram later compared the results of this study to the findings of the same procedure\ncarried out in an old office block. This comparison was an experiment.\nState the independent variable in this experiment. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nState the dependent variable in this experiment. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by the ethical guideline of ‘species and strain’ in relation to animals in 4 (a)\npsychological research.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nDescribe how the ethical guideline of ‘housing’ affects what psychologists should and should (b)\nnot do when studying animals.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/23/M/J/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion), the placebo condition was a control 5\ncondition.\nOutline what is meant by a ‘control condition’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nExplain the purpose of this control condition in this study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q06-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q06-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe ‘random sampling’ and ‘volunteer sampling’, using any examples. 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/23/M/J/22\n5\nQuestion 7 appears on the next page.\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/23/M/J/22\n6\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Mrs Colling is a headteacher/principal of a school and is planning an experiment to investigate 7\nwhether rewards or punishments are best for improving students’ learning. The independent\nvariable is whether students receive rewards or punishments.\nSuggest ways that Mrs Colling could ask teachers to reward students in their (a) (i) two\nclasses.\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nExplain which of the ways you suggested in would be a more valid manipulation of (ii) (a)(i)\nthe independent variable in this experiment.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/23/M/J/22\n7\nMrs Colling is talking to teachers about what punishment to use. Two suggested punishments (b)\nare:\n• missing breaktime every day for a week while standing outside the staffroom\n• making the student write a public letter of apology to the school.\nBoth suggested punishments are rejected by the teachers for ethical and practical reasons.\nSuggest ethical problem with of these punishments. (i) one one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest practical problem with of these punishments. (ii) one one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n............................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Ruby has conducted an experiment about language learning in animals using an animal called 8\nDelphine. Delphine has learned to make noises with different meanings. Ruby has tested\nDelphine’s understanding of word types, including:\n• shapes\n• colours\n• food types\nRuby’s results for the three word types are given in Table 8.1. (a)\nTable 8.1\nshapes colours foods Word type\n5 8 15 Number of words understood\nDraw a bar chart of these results. You label the axes. (i) must\n............................................\n............................................\n............................................\n............................................\n[4]\nState which measure of central tendency would be appropriate for Ruby to use (ii) most\nwith this data.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/23/M/J/22\n9\nRuby plans to include two more word categories. (b)\nExplain why this would improve Ruby’s results.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nRuby is concerned that sometimes she will not hear Delphine’s noises so wants to use a (c)\nsecond observer to help her.\nOutline disadvantages of having a second observer. two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q09-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q09-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dr Felix is conducting a natural experiment to test whether seeing television advertisements for a 9\ncharity for older people makes participants behave more positively towards them. He measures\nthis by giving a questionnaire about behaviour towards older people to a group of students. He\ngives the students the questionnaire one week before the advertisements appear on television\nand again the week after.\nExplain what is meant by a ‘natural experiment’, using this study as an example. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSuggest problem with natural experiments, using this study as an example. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/23/M/J/22\n10\nDr Felix thinks it could be better to use covert observations rather than questionnaires to (c)\nmeasure positive behaviour towards older people. He could have several older people as\nstooges, pretending to struggle with their shopping, and he could observe how the students\nbehave.\nSuggest advantage of using covert observation rather than questionnaires in this (i) one\nstudy.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest disadvantage of using covert observation rather than questionnaires in this (ii) one\nstudy.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..........................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-May-June/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 11, 12 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-May-June/qp/9990_s22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-mj-23-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-mj-23-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Jimmy wants to investigate individual differences in dreams. He is interested in many differences 10\nbetween participants, such as whether each individual:\n• has consistent dream content\n• has meaningful dreams\n• dreams in colour.\nDescribe how Jimmy could conduct a study using an interview to investigate at least two (a)\nindividual differences in dreams.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n..............................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-on-11-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q01", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): 1\nState the number of participants who were ‘studied intensively’ in this study. (a)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nDescribe the procedure used to investigate dream recall in this study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-on-11-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q02", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia): 2\nName stimuli that were rated 5 or higher on the boy’s Disgust/Fear Hierarchy. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................... [2]\nOutline conclusion from this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/11/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-on-11-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q03", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): 3\nDescribe the sample for Group 1 in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nThe original ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test had several problems. Two of these problems (b)\nwere:\n• the test only used 25 pairs of eyes\n• some words in the test were difficult to understand.\nState how this study solved each of these problems with the revised ‘Reading the Mind in the\nEyes’ test.\nProblem 1: the test only used 25 pairs of eyes .........................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nProblem 2: some words in the test were difficult to understand ...............................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/11/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-on-11-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q04", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Laney et al. (false memory): 4\nDescribe the ‘Memory or Belief?’ questionnaire used in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nOutline weakness of the ‘Memory or Belief?’ questionnaire used in this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/11/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-on-11-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q05", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans): 5\nDescribe the results in the ‘no model’ condition when help was given. You use data in (a) must\nyour answer.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nOutline methodological strength of this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-on-11-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q06", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The debate about nature versus nurture relates to the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors 6\nin emotion).\nOutline what is meant by this debate. Include example for nature and example for nurture one one\nfrom the study by Schachter and Singer.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/11/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-on-11-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q07", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Makena has a job creating advertisements for television. She wants to use emotion to advertise a 7\nnew product and asks you for advice.\nOutline the advice you would give to Makena, using your knowledge of the study by Canli et al.\n(brain scans and emotions).\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-on-11-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q08", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by the ethical guideline of ‘privacy’. 8 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nFrom the Bandura et al. study (aggression): (b)\nTwo friends, Adria and Don, are discussing this study in terms of ethics.\nAdria believes the study is ethical but Don believes the study is ethical. not\nOutline why you think Adria Don is correct, using evidence from the study. either or\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/11/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-on-11-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q09", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the psychology being investigated in the study by Milgram (obedience). 9 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain similarity and difference between the study by Milgram (obedience) and (b) one one one\nother study from the social approach.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n......................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-on-11-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-on-11-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-11-q10", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Andrade (doodling) in terms of strengths and weaknesses. At least 10 two two\none of your evaluation points be about reliability. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n......................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-on-12-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q01", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning), Alex the parrot could choose from three labels when 1\nasked ‘What’s same?’ about two objects. Two of these labels were colour and shape.\nName the label that Alex could use to answer the ‘What’s same?’ question in this study, other (a)\nthan colour and shape.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nDescribe the ‘model/rival’ procedure used in this study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-on-12-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q02", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): 2\nOutline aim of this study. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline of the dreams reported where a participant was driving a car. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/12/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-on-12-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q03", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): 3\nDescribe the sample for Group 2 in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nThe original ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test had several problems. Two of these problems (b)\nwere:\n• the test only had two response options for each pair of eyes\n• some words in the test were difficult to understand.\nState how this study solved each of these problems with the revised ‘Reading the Mind in the\nEyes’ test.\nProblem 1: the test only had two response options for each pair of eyes ................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nProblem 2: some words in the test were difficult to understand ...............................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/12/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-on-12-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q04", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Laney et al. (false memory): 4\nDescribe the Food Costs Questionnaire used in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nOutline weakness of the Food Costs Questionnaire used in this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/12/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-on-12-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q05", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Schachter and Singer investigated two factors in emotion. 5\nAn Activity Index was used to collect results in the Euphoria condition. (a)\nDescribe the results from the Activity Index for the Epinephrine Informed (Epi Inf) group\ncompared to the placebo group. You use data in your answer. must\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nOutline methodological strength of this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-on-12-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q06", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The debate about individual and situational explanations relates to the study by Milgram 6\n(obedience).\nOutline what is meant by this debate. Include example from the individual explanation and one\nexample from the situational explanation from the study by Milgram. one\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/12/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-on-12-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q07", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Omar organises a football team for children but they are sometimes too aggressive during games. 7\nHe wants to reduce this aggressive behaviour and asks you for advice.\nOutline the advice you would give to Omar, using your knowledge of the study by Bandura et al.\n(aggression).\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/12/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-on-12-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q08", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans): 8\nName features of the sample in this study. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTwo friends, Saad and Amina, are discussing this study in terms of generalisability. (b)\nSaad believes the study does have generalisability but Amina believes the study does not\nhave generalisability.\nOutline why you think Saad Amina is correct, using evidence from the study. either or\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/12/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-on-12-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q09", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the psychology being investigated in the study by Andrade (doodling). 9 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain similarity and difference between the study by Andrade (doodling) and (b) one one one\nother study from the cognitive approach.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n......................................................................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-on-12-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-on-12-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-12-q10", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions) in terms of strengths and 10 two two\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about validity. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n...................................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-on-13-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q01", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Andrade (doodling): 1\nState the number of participants that were in the doodling group in this study. (a)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nDescribe the mock telephone message used in this study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-on-13-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q02", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): 2\nOutline the relationship between the duration of time spent in REM sleep and the length of (a)\ndream narrative in this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline conclusion from this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/13/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-on-13-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q03", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): 3\nDescribe the sample for Group 3 in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nThe original ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test had several problems. Two of these problems (b)\nwere:\n• the test only used 25 pairs of eyes\n• the two response options in the test were semantic opposites.\nState how this study solved each of these problems with the revised ‘Reading the Mind in the\nEyes’ test.\nProblem 1: the test only used 25 pairs of eyes .........................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nProblem 2: the two response options in the test were semantic opposites ..............................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/13/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-on-13-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q04", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Prior to the experimental part of the study by Bandura et al. (aggression), the children were 4\nobserved and rated for their baseline aggressive behaviour.\nState where the children were observed in this part of the study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nState person who observed the children in this part of the study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nOutline how the children were rated for their baseline aggressive behaviour in this part of the (c)\nstudy.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline weakness of how the children were rated for their baseline aggressive behaviour (d) one\nin this part of the study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/13/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-on-13-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q05", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Schachter and Singer investigated two factors in emotion. 5\nAn Activity Index was used to collect results in the Euphoria condition. (a)\nDescribe the results from the Activity Index for the Epinephrine Misinformed (Epi Mis) group\ncompared to the placebo group. You use data in your answer. must\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nOutline methodological weakness of this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-on-13-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q06", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by the ‘social approach’ in psychology. Include examples from the study by 6\nYamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping) in your answer.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/13/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2022-on-13-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q07", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A teacher, Nina, has some students who are having difficulty learning a new skill. She wants to 7\nhelp these students to learn this new skill and asks you for advice.\nOutline the advice you would give to Nina, using your knowledge of the study by Pepperberg\n(parrot learning).\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2022-on-13-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q08", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline what is meant by the ethical guideline of ‘confidentiality’. 8 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nFrom the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions): (b)\nTwo friends, Willow and Leo, are discussing this study in terms of ethics.\nWillow believes the study is ethical but Leo believes the study is ethical. not\nOutline why you think Willow Leo is correct, using evidence from the study. either or\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/13/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2022-on-13-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q09", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In Experiment 2 of the study by Laney et al. (false memory), participants had to view twenty 9 (a)\nslides of common foods.\nDescribe what participants were asked to do immediately after viewing each slide.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain similarity and difference between the study by Laney et al. (false memory) (b) one one\nand other study from the cognitive approach. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n........................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-on-13-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2022-on-13-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-13-q10", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Milgram (obedience) in terms of strengths and weaknesses. 10 two two\nAt least one of your evaluation points be about generalisability. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Milgram (obedience) used a shock generator, which looked real. 1\nExplain why it was necessary that the shock generator looked real.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q02-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Bill has two groups of children in his study and writes a directional hypothesis. It states that ‘Older 2\nchildren are more obedient than younger children’. He then decides that this might not be correct\nand uses a non-directional hypothesis instead.\nSuggest a non-directional hypothesis for Bill’s study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nState how Bill will find the mode for the age of the group of younger children. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/21/O/N/22\n3\nSuggest reasons why it could be ethically more difficult to measure obedience in children (c) two\nthan in adults.\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe features of a laboratory experiment. Use a different example from the study by 3 two\nSchachter and Singer (two factors in emotion) for each feature.\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/21/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test) presented the eyes test results on a graph showing the percentage 4\nof participants who gained each score. The graph is shown in Fig. 1.\nLabel the axes on Fig. 1, using the answer spaces below. (a)\n..................................\n..................................\n..................................\n..................................\nFig. 1\n[2]\nName the type of distribution shown in Fig. 1. (b)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/21/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 1, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Participants in a study are learning to throw a ball through a hoop. 5\nSuggest how the variable of ‘learning’ could be operationalised in this study.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the ethical guidelines of ‘species and strain’ and ‘numbers’ in relation to animals, using 6\nany examples.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/21/O/N/22\n6\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Kate is using a questionnaire to investigate how participants could feel about people who are 7\nolder than them. The emotions she is investigating are:\n• boredom\n• empathy\n• fear\n• happiness.\nKate needs to define each of these emotions. (a) (i)\nSuggest how Kate could operationalise of the emotions that she is investigating. two\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nFor of your suggestions in (a)(i): (ii) one\nExplain why Kate could misinterpret this emotion when gathering data in her study.\nEmotion: ....................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nKate measures how strongly the participants feel each emotion about people who are older (b)\nthan them, using a score from 0–10.\nKate wants to find the median ‘happiness’ score. (i)\nOutline how to find a median score.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nKate wants to use a graph to plot the median results for each of the four emotions. (ii)\nName the appropriate type of graph for Kate to use. most\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/21/O/N/22\n7\nKate calculated the standard deviation of scores for each emotion. The standard (iii)\ndeviations are shown in Table 1.\nTable 1\nEmotion boredom empathy fear happiness\nStandard deviation 1.4 3.2 2.2 2.6\nExplain which emotion had the widest spread of scores.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Gill is planning a structured interview about disruptions to sleep patterns. She is investigating the 8\neffects of work, sport and family. She begins by writing four questions:\nA Describe how your sleep pattern changes when extra family members stay for the night.\nB How long do you sleep after you have participated in sport compared to when you have not\nparticipated in sport? More time / less time.\nC Is your sleep quality in the week compared to the weekend better, worse or about the same?\nD Explain how any other factors affect your sleep patterns.\nIdentify closed question from A to D. (a) one\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nIdentify open question from A to D. (b) one\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nGill plans two more questions to use in her structured interview: (c)\nE Is your sleep better or worse if you eat a meal close to bedtime? Better / worse.\nF Explain how your sleep pattern is affected if you work at night.\nSuggest problem that Gill could have when using of the new questions. one one\nQuestion E or F: .........................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/21/O/N/22\n8\nGill’s friend reads the six questions and says it would be better if she conducted a semi- (d)\nstructured interview instead of her structured interview.\nExplain what makes Gill’s interview a structured interview. (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSuggest how Gill could change her structured interview into a semi-structured interview. (ii)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nGill notices that people who look like they have not slept well often refuse to take part in the (e)\nstudy.\nExplain how this problem could affect the results of Gill’s study.\n................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q09-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q09-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Manas is a researcher at a drug company and is conducting an experiment to test a new drug for 9\npatients who have phobias. The drug is a clear, tasteless liquid that should help the patients to\nrelax during therapy. Manas selects 10 patients who will take the new drug and 10 other patients\nwho will be given water, which is also clear and tasteless. The patients in both groups believe they\nare taking the new drug.\nIdentify the experimental condition the control condition in this experiment. (a) and\nexperimental condition: .............................................................................................................\ncontrol condition: ................................................................................................................ [1]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/21/O/N/22\n9\nManas has controlled two variables. The drug is: (b)\n• a clear liquid\n• tasteless.\nSuggest other controls that could be used in this experiment to keep the experimental (i) two\ncondition and the control condition as similar as possible.\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain why it is important to keep the experimental condition and the control condition (ii)\nas similar as possible.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSuggest ethical problems with this experiment. (c) two\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-21-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-21-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dr Angelo wants to investigate how young children respond when their teachers are helpful. She 10\nhas seen teachers being helpful to children in the classroom and in the playground.\nDescribe how Dr Angelo can conduct an observational study to investigate the behaviour of (a)\nchildren when their teachers are helpful.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The hypothesis for a study is ‘Adults with children worry more than adults without children’. 1\nState whether this is a directional hypothesis or a non-directional hypothesis. Include a reason (a)\nfor your answer.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nWrite a null hypothesis for this study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping): 2\nOutline what is meant by ‘reliability’, using this study as an example. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSuggest way to improve reliability in this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/22/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning), quantitative data was collected from the questions 3\nabout ‘same’ and ‘different’.\nOutline what was observed to produce the quantitative data in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nQualitative data can also be useful in studies. Pepperberg could have collected qualitative (b)\ndata by observing the parrot.\nDescribe what is meant by ‘qualitative data’. (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nDescribe behaviour that could have been observed to produce qualitative data in (ii) one\nthis study.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nExplain why qualitative data for the behaviour you identified in would have been (iii) (b)(ii)\nuseful in this study.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/22/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams), brain activity during sleep was recorded 4\nusing an EEG (electroencephalograph). Another way to record brain activity is with fMRI (functional\nmagnetic resonance imaging).\nSuggest reasons why using an EEG to record brain activity during sleep is a more appropriate two\nchoice than using an fMRI.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Andrade (doodling), a median could have been calculated for the results of the 5\ndoodling group and the control group.\nOutline how a median could have been calculated for the number of names recalled by each\ngroup in this study.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/22/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the ethical guidelines of ‘deception’ and ‘confidentiality’, using any examples. 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/22/O/N/22\n6\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Shula is investigating whether there are differences in the way that younger and older people 7\nbehave when they see each other. She is using observations to record the following behaviours:\n• smiling\n• waving\n• shouting.\nExplain whether Shula is conducting a structured observation or an unstructured observation. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain why it would be better for Shula to conduct a covert observation than an overt (b) (i)\nobservation.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest problem with Shula conducting a covert observation. (ii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/22/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Mahi is observing the effect of music on emotions. In part of her study she is collecting data from 8\n20 participants about their emotional responses to songs. She is using the following categories to\nobserve emotional responses:\n• angry\n• bored\n• happy\n• relaxed.\nSuggest how Mahi could operationalise of these categories of observed emotional (a) (i) two\nresponses.\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nFor of your suggestions for the operationalisation of a category in part 8(a)(i): (ii) one\nExplain why Mahi could misinterpret or incorrectly categorise an observed emotional\nresponse of a participant in her study.\ncategory: .........................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nMahi is collecting data in the table below. This is the number of participants who showed each (b)\nof the four emotional responses. She wants to display this data on a bar chart.\nObserved emotional responses\nangry bored happy relaxed\nNumber of participants showing\neach emotional response\nLabel the axes for the bar chart that Mahi will use to display her results.\n[3]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/22/O/N/22\n8\nIn a second study, Mahi’s participants will listen to different types of music. She expects that (c)\nfast music will make the participants feel happy and slow music will make them feel unhappy.\nExplain ethical problem with the design of this study. (i) one\nDo refer to deception or confidentiality in your answer. not\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest way that Mahi could solve the ethical problem you explained in part 8(c)(i). (ii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n....." }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Syd is using an experiment to test whether epinephrine affects sleep. He has two groups of 9\nparticipants, one group receives an epinephrine injection and the other group receives a saline\ninjection. The participants do not know what their injection contains. Each participant is tested at a\ntown centre laboratory on a different night over a 20-night period. The town centre is very busy at\nthe weekend but quiet during the week.\nExplain why it is important that participants do know which condition they are in during an (a) not\nexperiment.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nIdentify Syd’s experimental design. Include a reason for your answer. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSuggest participant variable that could affect Syd’s experiment. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSuggest situational variable that could affect Syd’s experiment. (d) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n......................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-22-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-22-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dr Mitchell wants to investigate how physically active people are, and he believes that this may be 10\nrelated to how much they use social media.\nDescribe how Dr Mitchell could conduct a correlational study to investigate the relationship (a)\nbetween how physically active people are and how much they use social media.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) investigated a correlation between the length of the 1\ndream narrative and the duration of the REM period.\nDescribe the correlation that was found.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A researcher is planning to investigate forgetting in very old people. However, measuring forgetting 2\nin very old people can be more ethically and practically difficult than measuring forgetting in\nyounger people.\nSuggest ethical reason why measuring forgetting in very old people can be difficult. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSuggest practical reason why measuring forgetting in very old people can be difficult. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/23/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Laney et al. (false memory) two of the questionnaires used were the Food History 3\nInventory (FHI) and the Restaurant Questionnaire (RQ).\nEach of these questionnaires included a ‘critical item’. (a) (i)\nExplain what is meant by a ‘critical item’.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nDescribe how the critical item in the FHI the RQ was measured. (ii) either or\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nExplain the purpose of the items that are critical items in the FHI and the RQ. (b) not\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A teacher records each student’s test results once a week. At the end of the year he calculates the 4\nmean of the test results for each student.\nDescribe how the mean would be calculated in this study.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/23/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping), a small sample of chimpanzees was tested. 5\nExplain practical weakness of using this small sample. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain ethical strength of using this small sample. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q06-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q06-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe laboratory experiments and natural experiments, using any examples. 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/23/O/N/22\n5\nQuestion 7 appears on Page 6.\n[Turn over © UCLES 2022 9990/23/O/N/22\n6\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Pranit uses a questionnaire to investigate whether psychology students know more about operant 7\nconditioning than the general public. His questions are:\nA Describe what you think a ‘reward’ is and does.\nB Tell me what ‘punishment’ is and does.\nC “Rewards are more effective than punishment”. Do you agree? yes / no.\nD How sure are you that you could accurately explain ‘operant conditioning’?\n1 = certainly could, 5 = certainly could not.\nIdentify closed question from A to D. (a) (i) one\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nIdentify open question from A to D. (ii) one\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nPranit adds two new questions to his questionnaire: (b) (i)\nE Do rewards increase or decrease the frequency of a behaviour?\nincrease / decrease.\nF Explain the effect of punishment on the frequency of a behaviour.\nSuggest problem that Pranit could have when using of the new questions. one one\nQuestion E or F: ..........................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain what the responses to Question E Question F would tell Pranit about the (ii) and\nparticipants’ understanding of operant conditioning.\nE ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nF ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2022 9990/23/O/N/22" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Candy is investigating sleepiness in a student population. She is recording the number of hours’ 8\nsleep the students have at the beginning and at the end of the year. She has identified two\nextraneous variables. One is a participant variable and one is a situational variable:\n• Highly motivated students often work harder at the beginning of the year\n• Late-night parties are more common at the end of the year.\nExplain which of these is a participant variable. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nExplain which of these is a situational variable. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nSuggest how Candy could limit the effect of the participant variable the (c) (i) either or\nsituational variable.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nAttempting to limit the effects of one extraneous variable in a study can create other (ii)\nproblem effects.\nSuggest problem that your answer to could create in Candy’s study. one (c)(i)\nDo refer to demand characteristics in your answer. not\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nCandy is also concerned about the effect of demand characteristics on her results. (d)\nSuggest way that demand characteristics could affect Candy’s results. (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n.........................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Vernon is conducting an observational study about the helping behaviour of students in a school. 9\nVernon wants to use an opportunity sample but his teacher tells him that his sample will not (a)\nbe representative.\nExplain what Vernon’s teacher means, using an example relating to Vernon’s study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nVernon decides to use a random sample instead. (b)\nSuggest how Vernon could obtain a random sample of 50 participants.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nVernon is planning how to observe and record helpful behaviour in the school. (c)\nSuggest how helping behaviours could be operationalised for Vernon’s observation. (i) two\n1 .........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 .........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest how Vernon could be a non-participant observer to collect data about helpful (ii)\nbehaviour.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n[Turn over © UC" }, { "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2022, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2022-Oct-Nov/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2022-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w22_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2022-on-23-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2022-on-23-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Meena wants to investigate one child in a class who is very resistant to authority and is sometimes 10\nvery disobedient. Meena wants to study the child in detail to explore the child’s behaviour.\nDescribe how Meena could conduct a case study to investigate the behaviour of this child. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.............................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-mj-11-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q01", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion): 1\nIdentify which of the following groups scored the highest on the Activity Index in the (a) one\nEuphoria condition.\nEpinephrine Ignorant (Epi Ign)\nEpinephrine Informed (Epi Inf)\nEpinephrine Misinformed (Epi Mis)\nPlacebo [1]\nIn the Anger condition, an observer recorded the participant’s response to the stooge using (b)\nseveral categories.\nOutline how the category of ‘Ignores’ was operationalised in this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-mj-11-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q02", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Andrade (doodling): 2\nIdentify features of the sample used in this study. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nIdentify strength of the sample used in this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/11/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-mj-11-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q03", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia): 3\nDescribe the Disgust/Fear hierarchy used in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nExplain weakness of the Disgust/Fear hierarchy used in this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/11/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-mj-11-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q04", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans) used ‘victims’ who needed help. 4\nDescribe the victims used in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nOne conclusion was that in a field setting, diffusion of responsibility did happen. (b) not\nOutline other conclusion from this study. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/11/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-mj-11-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q05", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In Experiment 1 of the study by Laney et al. (false memory), participants completed both the Food 5\nHistory Inventory and the Restaurant Questionnaire.\nDescribe result from the Food History Inventory and result from the Restaurant one one\nQuestionnaire.\nYou use data for of these results. must one\nResult – Food History Inventory .......................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nResult – Restaurant Questionnaire ..................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[5]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/11/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-mj-11-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q06", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline assumptions of the cognitive approach. 6 two\nYou use an example from a core study for each assumption. must\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[6]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-mj-11-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q07", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Suggest real-world applications based on the study by Milgram (obedience). 7 two\nYour suggestions be ethical. must\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/11/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-mj-11-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q08", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Two friends, Danilo and Noah, are discussing the validity of the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes 8\ntest). Danilo thinks the study has validity but Noah thinks the study does have validity. not\nExplain reason why Danilo is correct and reason why Noah is correct, using evidence one one\nfrom this study.\nDanilo (has validity) ..........................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNoah (does have validity) .......................................................................................................... not\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[6]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/11/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-mj-11-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-mj-11-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q09", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): 9\nDescribe what is meant by REM sleep. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/11/M/J/23\n9\nExplain similarity and difference between the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep (b) one one\nand dreams) and the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-mj-11-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-mj-11-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-11-q10", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Bandura et al. (aggression) in terms of strengths and weaknesses. 10 two two\nAt least one of your evaluation points be about reliability. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n............................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-mj-12-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q01", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion): 1\nIdentify which of the following groups self-rated the highest score for palpitations in the (a) one\nEuphoria condition.\nEpinephrine Ignorant (Epi Ign)\nEpinephrine Informed (Epi Inf)\nEpinephrine Misinformed (Epi Mis)\nPlacebo [1]\nIn the Anger condition, an observer recorded the participant’s response to the stooge using (b)\nseveral categories.\nOutline how the category of ‘Watches’ was operationalised in this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-mj-12-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q02", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test). 2\nName the tests used in this study, other than the eyes test. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nFor of the tests you named in (a): (b) one\nIdentify strength of this test. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/12/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-mj-12-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q03", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions), participants viewed scenes. 3\nOutline how the participants’ emotional arousal towards the scenes was measured. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nExplain weakness of how the participants’ emotional arousal towards the scenes was (b) one\nmeasured.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/12/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-mj-12-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q04", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Bandura et al. (aggression): 4\nDescribe how the participants were allocated into the experimental groups. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nOne conclusion was that imitation of aggression in children is influenced by the sex of the (b)\nmodel.\nOutline other conclusion from this study. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/12/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-mj-12-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q05", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In Experiment 2 of the study by Laney et al. (false memory), participants completed both the 5\n‘Memory or Belief?’ questionnaire and the Food Preferences Questionnaire.\nDescribe result from the ‘Memory or Belief?’ questionnaire and result from the Food one one\nPreferences Questionnaire.\nYou use data for of these results. must one\nResult – ‘Memory or Belief?’ questionnaire ......................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nResult – Food Preferences Questionnaire .......................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[5]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/12/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-mj-12-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q06", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline assumptions of the social approach. 6 two\nYou use an example from a core study for each assumption. must\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[6]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-mj-12-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q07", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Suggest real-world applications based on the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and 7 two\ndreams).\nYour suggestions be ethical. must\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/12/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-mj-12-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q08", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Two friends, Haji and Dottie, are discussing the ethics of the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee 8\nhelping). Haji thinks the study is ethical but Dottie thinks the study is ethical. not\nExplain reason why Haji is correct and reason why Dottie is correct, using evidence from one one\nthis study.\nHaji (ethical) .....................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nDottie (not ethical) ...........................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[6]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/12/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-mj-12-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-mj-12-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q09", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia): 9\nOutline what is meant by a phobia. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline what is meant by evaluative learning. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/12/M/J/23\n9\nExplain similarity and difference between the study by Saavedra and Silverman (c) one one\n(button phobia) and the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n........" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-mj-12-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-mj-12-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-12-q10", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Andrade (doodling) in terms of strengths and weaknesses. At least 10 two two\none of your evaluation points be about the use of an independent measures design. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n........................" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-mj-13-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q01", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion): 1\nIdentify which of the following groups scored the lowest on the Activity Index in the (a) one\nEuphoria condition.\nEpinephrine Ignorant (Epi Ign)\nEpinephrine Informed (Epi Inf)\nEpinephrine Misinformed (Epi Mis)\nPlacebo [1]\nIn the Anger condition, an observer recorded the participant’s response to the stooge using (b)\nseveral categories.\nOutline how the category of ‘Neutral’ was operationalised in this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-mj-13-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q02", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans): 2\nName measures observed for every participant who helped a victim. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nIdentify methodological strength of this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/13/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-mj-13-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q03", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the final part of the study by Bandura et al. (aggression), each participant spent 20 minutes in 3\nthe experimental room and their behaviour was observed through a one‑way mirror.\nOutline the procedure for this final part of the study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nExplain weakness of this final part of the study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/13/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-mj-13-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q04", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Milgram (obedience): 4\nDescribe the feedback from the learner (victim) that was given to the teacher (participant) (a)\nduring this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nOne conclusion was that people find it stressful to follow destructive orders from a person in (b)\nauthority.\nOutline other conclusion from this study. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/13/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-mj-13-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q05", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In Experiment 2 of the study by Laney et al. (false memory), participants completed both the Food 5\nHistory Inventory and photograph ratings of food items.\nDescribe result from the Food History Inventory and result from the photograph ratings of one one\nfood items.\nYou use data for of these results. must one\nResult – Food History Inventory .......................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nResult – photograph ratings .............................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[5]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/13/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-mj-13-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q06", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline assumptions of the learning approach. 6 two\nYou use an example from a core study for each assumption. must\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[6]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-mj-13-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q07", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Suggest real‑world applications based on the study by Baron‑Cohen et al. (eyes test). 7 two\nYour suggestions be ethical. must\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/13/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-mj-13-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q08", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Two friends, Maria and Oscar, are discussing the ethics of the study by Saavedra and Silverman 8\n(button phobia). Maria thinks the study is ethical but Oscar thinks the study is ethical. not\nExplain reason why Maria is correct and reason why Oscar is correct, using evidence one one\nfrom this study.\nMaria (ethical) ..................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOscar (not ethical) ...........................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[6]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/13/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Issues and Debates", "topic_slug": "9990-as-issues-and-debates", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-issues-and-debates/assets/9990-2023-mj-13-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-issues-and-debates/assets/9990-2023-mj-13-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q09", "html": "9990-as-issues-and-debates/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping): 9\nOutline what is meant by altruism. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline what is meant by targeted helping. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/13/M/J/23\n9\nExplain similarity and difference between the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee (c) one one\nhelping) and the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n..............." }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-mj-13-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-mj-13-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-13-q10", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) in terms of strengths and 10 two\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about reliability. two must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by the term ‘ecological validity’. You may use an example in your answer. 1\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Laney et al. (false memory), different types of items were used in the various 2\nquestionnaires. Two of the items included:\n• rating items on a scale of 1–8 (from ‘definitely did happen’ to ‘definitely did not happen’)\n• multiple choice items where participants circled a price they would pay for different foods, e.g.\n$1.90, $2.50, or ‘would never buy’.\nExplain whether these items are both open questions, both closed questions, or one of each. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nLaney et al. used a ‘critical item’ in the profile and in a questionnaire given to the experimental (b)\ngroup.\nExplain what is meant by a ‘critical item’, using the example from Laney et al.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/21/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions), a repeated measures design was used. 3\nExplain what is meant by a ‘repeated measures design’. Include an example from Canli et al. (a)\nin your answer.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain strength of using a repeated measures design. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain ways in which the procedure was standardised in the study by Yamamoto et al. 4 two\n(chimpanzee helping).\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/21/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Reliability refers to the consistency of tests, tasks or measures in research. 5\nExplain why reliability is important in experiments.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the sampling techniques of ‘opportunity sampling’ and ‘volunteer sampling’, using any 6\nexamples.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/21/M/J/23\n5\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Steve is planning an experiment, using the technique of observation, to compare the level of 7\nfrustration shown by shoppers in different types of shops. He has set up cameras to help measure\nthe behaviour of shoppers in shops selling basic goods (things that are essential) and shops\nselling luxury goods (things that are not essential).\nSteve is concerned that situational variables could be a problem in his study. (a)\nSuggest situational variables that could affect Steve’s study. (i) two\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nExplain how of the situational variables that you suggested in could be a (ii) each (a)(i)\nproblem in Steve’s study.\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/21/M/J/23\n6\nSteve is also concerned about the ethics of his study. (b)\nSuggest why the ethical guideline of right to withdraw would be difficult for Steve to follow (i)\nin his study.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n.........................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Leila is conducting a correlational study. She predicts that there will be a correlation between: 8\n• ‘success at learning a language’\n• ‘enjoyment of word puzzles’, e.g. crosswords.\nSuggest an objective measure of ‘success at learning a language’ that Leila could use. Justify (a)\nyour answer. Do use a self-report rating scale. not\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nLeila is measuring ‘enjoyment of word puzzles’ by asking participants to rate how much they (b)\nenjoy word puzzles on a scale of 0 (not at all) to 5 (very much).\nExplain how Leila would calculate the median for ‘enjoyment of word puzzles’.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nLeila conducts her study. Her results show a positive correlation. (c)\nSketch a graph, using the axes below, to show the pattern of Leila’s results.\nYou label the axes. must\n.....................................\n.....................................\n.....................................\n.....................................\n[4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/21/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Inma is conducting an experiment about learning. She predicts that animals will learn to find food 9\nin a maze faster in the light than in the dark. If an animal does not find the food after 10 minutes,\nthey are given the food by the experimenter.\nInma is using a directional (one-tailed) hypothesis. (a)\nExplain why Inma is using a directional hypothesis in her experiment.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nWrite a null hypothesis for Inma’s experiment. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nInma will use an independent measures design for her experiment. (c)\nExplain advantage of using an independent measures design compared to a repeated one\nmeasures design.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain how Inma followed ethical guideline in relation to animals. (d) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/21/M/J/23\n9\nSection C\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-21-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-21-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dr Clare is planning an observational study of student behaviour in a library at a university. She 10\nwill be the only observer. She is interested in student behaviours such as:\n• how they study\n• how they find books\n• what they do in the library other than studying\n• how long they spend in the library.\nDescribe how Dr Clare could conduct an observational study to investigate the behaviour of (a)\nstudents in a library at a university.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping): 1\nSuggest why it was necessary for the chimpanzees to examine and manipulate the tools before\nthe experiment.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Chloë is conducting a study to investigate classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Her aim 2\nis to test which type of conditioning produces the fastest learning.\nWrite a non‑directional (two‑tailed) hypothesis for Chloë’s study. (a)\nYou do need to operationalise the variables in your hypothesis. not\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nChloë’s results in the two conditions were the same. (b)\nExplain why Chloë reject her non‑directional hypothesis, referring to her variables in must\nyour answer.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/22/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Schachter and Singer investigated two factors in emotion. 3\nThe participants in this study were deceived. (a)\nOutline way that the participants were deceived in this study. (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain why the deception that you outlined in was necessary. (ii) (a)(i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSchachter and Singer reported that in one condition, the observer could not hear the spoken (b)\nreactions for one participant.\nState practical reason why this was a problem. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/22/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The data from Experiment 1 in the study by Laney et al. (false memory) is given in Table 4.1. 4\nTable 4.1\nMean rating for the critical item\n‘loved asparagus the first time you tried it’\nCondition Week 1 Week 2\n1.5 2.5 Control\n1.7 4.2 Love\nDraw a bar chart of the ‘Week 2’ data only. You label the axes. (a) must\n.................................\n.................................\n.................................\n.................................\n[4]\nState conclusion about this study using the data in Table 4.1. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain the importance of inter‑observer reliability in the study by Bandura et al. (aggression). 5\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/22/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the use of controls in laboratory experiments and field experiments, using any examples. 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/22/M/J/23\n6\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 11, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Deryn is planning an experimental study to compare how, and how often, men and women look at 7\nthemselves in a shop window. She plans to collect quantitative data using observations and will\ncalculate a median.\nIdentify the independent variable in Deryn’s study. (a) (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nIdentify dependent variable in Deryn’s study. (ii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nIdentify the experimental design used in Deryn’s study. (iii)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSuggest how Deryn could use a structured observation in her study. (b) (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [3]\nSuggest disadvantage of using a structured observation compared to an unstructured (ii) one\nobservation in Deryn’s study.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/22/M/J/23\n7\nA ‘measure of central tendency’ is a method of data analysis. (c)\nExplain why the median is a measure of central tendency. (i)\n............................" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Phyllis is planning a correlational study to investigate the relationship between vocabulary size 8\nand level of education.\nSuggest ways that Phyllis could measure ‘vocabulary size’. (a) (i) two\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n[4]\nFor of the ways you have suggested in (a)(i): (ii) one\nSuggest strength of measuring vocabulary size in this way. one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSuggest way that Phyllis could measure ‘level of education’. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nPhyllis expects to find a positive correlation. (c)\nOutline what Phyllis would conclude if she found the results in Fig. 8.1. (i)\nvocabulary\nsize\nlevel of education\nFig. 8.1\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/22/M/J/23\n9\nOutline what Phyllis would conclude if she found the results in Fig. 8.2. (ii)\nvocabulary\nsize\nlevel of education\nFig. 8.2\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "James is planning a study and has chosen to use opportunity sampling to find participants. A 9\nfriend says he should use random sampling instead. Another friend says that sample size is just\nas important as sampling technique.\nExplain strength of using opportunity sampling. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain advantage of using random sampling instead of opportunity sampling. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain why a larger sample may be better than a smaller sample. (c)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/22/M/J/23\n10\nSection C\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-22-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-22-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Perrin is going to interview participants about their dreams. He wants to collect information about 10\nthe duration and content of dreams in children and adults.\nDescribe how Perrin could conduct a study using an interview to investigate the duration and (a)\ncontent of dreams in children and adults.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n..................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-23-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe what is meant by the term ‘random sampling’. 1 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain weakness of random sampling. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-23-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping) followed ethical guidelines relating to the use 2\nof animals.\nDescribe how ethical guidelines relating to the use of animals in research were followed in two\nthis study.\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/23/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-23-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Laney et al. (false memory), standard deviations were calculated. 3\nState what is meant by a ‘measure of spread’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nState advantage of using the standard deviation compared to other measure of (b) one one\nspread.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-23-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning), Alex the parrot was tested using the categories of: 4\n• shape\n• material\n• colour.\nSuggest why Pepperberg chose to test the parrot using the categories of ‘shape’ and (a)\n‘material’.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSuggest other category that Pepperberg could have used to test the parrot’s (b) one\nunderstanding of categories.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/23/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-23-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) investigated two kinds of sleep: REM 5\nsleep and non-REM sleep.\nState differences between REM sleep and non-REM sleep. three\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n3 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[3]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-23-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-23-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the ethical guidelines of ‘informed consent’ and ‘protection from harm’, using any 6\nexamples.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/23/M/J/23\n5\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-23-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Nigel has conducted a laboratory experiment to compare children’s choice of sweets (candy) in 7\ndifferent packets. The children were shown sweets in:\n• brightly coloured packets with simple patterns\n• black and white packets with complex patterns.\nHis results showed that more children chose the sweets from the ‘brightly coloured packets with\nsimple patterns’ condition.\nSuggest other condition that Nigel could have included in his study. (a) (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nExplain why the condition you suggested in would have been useful. (ii) (a)(i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNigel used a repeated measures design. (b)\nExplain what is meant by a ‘repeated measures design’, using an example from this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nName experimental design Nigel could have used, other than a repeated measures (c) one\ndesign.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/23/M/J/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-23-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Mila is planning a case study to investigate how a 21-year-old person feels about being the only 8\nyoung person in a community of 20 older people on a small island.\nSuggest techniques Mila could use to collect data from her participant in this study. (a) two\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nFor of the techniques you suggested in (a): (b) one\nExplain advantage of this technique. (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain disadvantage of this technique. (ii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................[2]\nMila wants to generalise her findings to all adults who live away from other people of their (c)\nown age.\nExplain why Mila should make this generalisation from the findings of her case study. not\n...................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-23-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-23-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Alan and Jocelyn are writing a questionnaire to ask about the level of euphoria created by listening 9\nto music at a concert, compared with listening to music at home.\nSuggest closed question that they could use on the questionnaire to ask about (a) (i) one\neuphoria.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest open question that they could use on the questionnaire to ask about (ii) one\neuphoria.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nFor the questions you suggested in and (a)(ii): (b) (a)(i)\nExplain reason why the data from the open question could be more valid than data (i) one\nfrom the closed question.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain reason why the data from the open question could be less valid than data (ii) one\nfrom the closed question.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain how Alan and Jocelyn could check their inter-rater reliability when they analyse their (c)\ndata.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.............................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-May-June/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-May-June/qp/9990_s23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-23-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-mj-23-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-mj-23-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dr Caesar is interested in animal phobias in his patients. He wants to investigate whether there is 10\na correlation between the size of the animal causing the phobia and the severity of each patient’s\nanimal phobia.\nDescribe how Dr Caesar could conduct a correlational study to investigate the relationship (a)\nbetween animal size and the severity of the patients’ phobias.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-on-11-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q01", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Andrade (doodling), the participants were given a surprise recall test for two 1\ncategories of information that was presented in the telephone message. One of these categories\nwas the names of the party-goers.\nName the other category of information that the participants were asked to recall from the (a)\ntelephone message.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nFor the names of party-goers, ‘false alarms’ given by the participants were noted. (b)\nOutline the types of false alarms given by the participants when recalling the names of two\nthe party-goers.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-on-11-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q02", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans): 2\nOutline what the model was supposed to do in the ‘Critical area – early’ condition. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nDescribe the victim in the drunk condition. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/11/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-on-11-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q03", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain problem that could arise if children were used as participants in the study by Baron- 3 one\nCohen et al. (eyes test).\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-on-11-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q04", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Saavedra and Silverman studied a boy with a phobia of buttons. 4\nOne aim was to investigate whether exposure to buttons would help to treat his phobia. (a)\nOutline other aim of this study. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline how the boy’s severity rating for buttons changed during behavioural exposure (b)\nsessions.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nState results from the posttreatment assessment session. (c) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/11/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-on-11-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q05", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Bandura et al. (aggression), the final part of the procedure was named the ‘test for 5\ndelayed imitation’.\nDescribe the procedure used to ‘test for delayed imitation’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nOutline conclusion from this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/11/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-on-11-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q06", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): 6\nDescribe the psychology being investigated in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain why this study is from the biological approach. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-on-11-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q07", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Suggest real-world applications based on the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions). 7 two\nYour suggestions be ethical. must\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/11/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-on-11-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q08", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Two friends, Rose and Yaroslav, are discussing the validity of the study by Milgram (obedience). 8\nRose thinks the study has validity but Yaroslav thinks the study does have validity. not\nExplain reason why Rose is correct and reason why Yaroslav is correct, using evidence one one\nfrom this study.\nRose (has validity) ............................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nYaroslav (does have validity) ..................................................................................................... not\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[6]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/11/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-on-11-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q09", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the sample used in the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning). 9 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain whether each ethical guideline below, relating to animals, was broken in the study by (b)\nPepperberg (parrot learning):\nhousing .....................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\npain and distress ......................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nreward .......................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n......." }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-on-11-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-on-11-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-11-q10", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Laney et al. (false memory) in terms of strengths and weaknesses. 10 two two\nAt least one of your evaluation points be about ethics. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-on-12-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q01", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Baron-Cohen et al. used the eyes test as a measure of theory of mind. 1\nThe eyes test results were negatively (inversely) correlated with the results of another (a)\nmeasure.\nName this measure.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nOutline the Group 4 sample from this study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-on-12-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q02", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Saavedra and Silverman investigated a boy with a phobia of buttons. 2\nThe boy reported an experience that he thought was the cause of his button phobia.\nDescribe the experience the boy reported.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/12/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-on-12-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q03", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain problem that could arise if children were used as participants in the study by Canli 3 one\net al. (brain scans and emotions).\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-on-12-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q04", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning), a principal trainer was used during the ‘test 4\nprocedures’.\nDescribe the procedure that the principal trainer followed during the ‘test procedures’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nOutline conclusion from this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/12/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-on-12-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q05", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans) used models and victims. 5\nName features of the models used in this study. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nOutline result in relation to the time taken to help the victims. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline result in relation to participants leaving the critical area. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/12/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-on-12-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q06", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Andrade (doodling): 6\nDescribe the background to this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain why this study is from the cognitive approach. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-on-12-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q07", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Suggest real-world applications based on the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping). 7 two\nYour suggestions be ethical. must\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/12/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-on-12-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q08", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Two friends, Zayn and Danna, are discussing the nature versus nurture debate in relation to the 8\nstudy by Bandura et al. (aggression). Zayn thinks the study supports the nature side of the debate\nbut Danna thinks the study supports the nurture side of the debate.\nExplain reason why Zayn is correct and reason why Danna is correct, using evidence one one\nfrom this study.\nZayn (nature) ....................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nDanna (nurture) ................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[6]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/12/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-on-12-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q09", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion): 9\nDescribe the sample. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain whether each ethical guideline below was broken in the study by Schachter and (b)\nSinger (two factors in emotion).\nconfidentiality ............................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nlack of deception .......................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nprivacy ......................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-on-12-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-on-12-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-12-q10", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Milgram (obedience) in terms of strengths and weaknesses. 10 two two\nAt least one of your evaluation points be about validity. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n........................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-on-13-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q01", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Milgram (obedience): 1\nState the percentage of participants who pressed the 300-volt level switch. (a)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nOutline the payment given to participants. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-on-13-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q02", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning): 2\nDescribe the procedure of the ‘Transfer Tests with Novel Objects’.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/13/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-on-13-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q03", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain problem that could arise if children were used as participants in the study by Laney 3 one\net al. (false memory).\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-on-13-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q04", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Schachter and Singer (two factors in emotion): 4\nDescribe the procedure from immediately after the injection to immediately before the stooge (a)\nbegan his standardised behaviours.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nOutline conclusion from this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/13/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-on-13-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q05", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): 5\nOne aim was to investigate whether there would be a correlation between scores on the revised\n‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ).\nOutline other aim. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline result in relation to the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline result comparing the participants of Group 1 to the participants of Group 2. (c) one\nYou use data in your answer. must\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/13/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-on-13-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q06", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Bandura et al. (aggression): 6\nDescribe the background to this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain why this study is from the learning approach. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2023-on-13-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q07", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Suggest real-world applications based on the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button 7 two\nphobia).\nYour suggestions be ethical. must\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/13/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2023-on-13-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q08", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Two friends, Xander and Silvia, are discussing the individual and situational explanations for 8\nbehaviour in relation to the study by Andrade (doodling). Xander thinks the study supports the\nindividual explanation but Silvia thinks the study supports the situational explanation.\nExplain reason why Xander is correct and reason why Silvia is correct, using evidence one one\nfrom this study.\nXander (individual explanation) ........................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSilvia (situational explanation) .........................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[6]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/13/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2023-on-13-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q09", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the sample in the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping). 9 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain whether each ethical guideline below, relating to animals, was broken in the study by (b)\nYamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping).\ndeprivation and aversive stimuli ...............................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nhousing .....................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\npain and distress ......................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.........." }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-on-13-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2023-on-13-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-13-q10", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions) in terms of strengths and 10 two two\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about generalisations. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n............................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by ‘covert’ observation. 1 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain strength of a covert observation. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain weakness of a covert observation. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A hypothesis is ‘There will be a difference in helpfulness between obedient and disobedient 2\npeople’.\nState whether this is a directional (one-tailed) hypothesis or a non-directional (two-tailed) (a)\nhypothesis. Include a reason for your answer.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nWrite a null hypothesis for this study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/21/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Pepperberg (parrot learning) tested a parrot’s understanding of the concepts 3\nof ‘same’ and ‘different’. Table 3.1 shows the total results for correct responses and incorrect\nresponses for two categories of objects.\nTable 3.1\nTotal responses to ‘same?’ and ‘different?’ questions\nCategory of objects\ncorrect incorrect\n99 30 objects used in training\n96 17 objects not used in training\nDescribe the results in Table 3.1 for correct responses. (a) (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nDescribe the results in Table 3.1 for incorrect responses. (ii)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nWhether or not the objects had been used in training affected the accuracy of the parrot’s (b)\nresponses.\nDescribe how Pepperberg explained this effect.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions), all the participants were female. 4\nState the reasons that Canli et al. gave for using only female participants in this study. two\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/21/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In Experiment 1 of the study by Laney et al. (false memory), participants were randomly allocated 5\nto one of two conditions (levels of the independent variable).\nState what is meant by ‘random allocation’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nState why one of the two groups was called a ‘control condition’. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the ethical guidelines of ‘right to withdraw’ and ‘confidentiality’, using any examples. 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/21/O/N/23\n5\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Two female researchers, Meilin and Nina, are preparing a structured interview about dreams. 7\nEach researcher will interview 10 participants.\nSuggest ways that Meilin and Nina could standardise their structured interview, other (a) three\nthan using the same questions.\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n3 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[3]\nExplain reason why a structured interview should be standardised. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain reason why it may be better for Meilin and Nina to use an unstructured interview. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline ethical problem with interviewing participants about their dreams. (d) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/21/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Alf conducted an experiment comparing the range of television programmes that old and young 8\npeople watch. He collected his data by questionnaire and found that young people watch a wider\nrange of television programmes than old people.\nSuggest extraneous variable that could affect the range of television programmes (a) (i) one\nthat old people watch, other than their age.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain how Alf could investigate whether the extraneous variable that you suggested in (ii)\nwas the cause of the difference he found. (a)(i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nAlf used opportunity sampling to obtain participants but would have preferred to use volunteer (b)\nsampling.\nOutline what is meant by ‘volunteer sampling’. (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSuggest way that Alf could have used volunteer sampling to obtain both old and (ii) one\nyoung participants.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain the experimental design that Alf used. (c)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q09-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q09-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Calle is planning a correlational study. He is measuring two variables: happiness and confidence. 9\nCalle’s friend Violet is helping him to plan his questions.\nCalle has written two questions:\n• For happiness: Are you happy? Answer 1 for yes and 0 for no\n• For confidence: How certain do you feel that you will succeed when you begin a new task?\n0 = not at all, 5 = very.\nViolet says that the data Calle would get from his question on happiness would be suitable (a) not\nto use in a correlation.\nExplain why Violet is correct.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nSuggest problem with the validity of Calle’s question on confidence. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nCalle changes his question for happiness and uses his original question for confidence. (c) (i)\nHe finds a positive correlation.\nDraw a line to show the pattern of Calle’s data, using the axes below.\nconfidence\nhappiness\n[1]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/21/O/N/23\n8\nExplain why Calle conclude that greater happiness leads to higher confidence. (ii) cannot\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [3]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/21/O/N/23\n9\nSection C\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-21-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-21-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Sophie is planning a natural experiment to investigate the effects of closing a road on anger in 10\ndrivers. One road into a town will be closed for three weeks and the traffic will have to take a\nlonger route. Sophie wants to investigate whether having to take the longer route makes drivers\nangry.\nDescribe how Sophie can conduct a natural experiment to investigate whether having to take (a)\nthe longer route makes drivers angry.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n..................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning): 1\nState the aim of this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nExplain why it was necessary to present the parrot with questions in a random order. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain the importance of the ethical guidelines of anaesthesia, analgesia and euthanasia in 2\nrelation to the use of animals in research.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [3]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/22/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Participants in the study by Laney et al. (false memory) completed a ‘Restaurant Questionnaire’, 3\nwhich was formatted to look like a menu.\nDescribe the Restaurant Questionnaire. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain why it was important that the Restaurant Questionnaire looked like a menu. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/22/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping) used a repeated measures experimental 4\ndesign.\nOutline what is meant by a ‘repeated measures design’. Include an example from the study (a)\nby Yamamoto et al. in your answer.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain advantage of using a repeated measures design for this study, compared to (b) one\nusing an independent measures design.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In a study that measured two variables, a relationship between the variables was found. As one 5\nvariable increased, the other decreased.\nName this relationship. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nSuggest variables, from any core study, that show this relationship. (b) two\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/22/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe natural experiments and naturalistic observations, using any examples. 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/22/O/N/23\n6\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 11, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "James is conducting an interview to investigate topics that could influence anger and euphoria. He 7\nhas already written his questions about anger. James needs to write questions which cover three\ntopics that could increase euphoria. These topics are:\n• sports or games\n• films or music\n• the natural world (e.g. animals and plants, being outside or good weather).\nSuggest closed question and open question that James could use to investigate (a) one one\nof his three topics about euphoria. Do use a rating scale in your answer. one not\nClosed question ........................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOpen question ..........................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[3]\nJames has chosen to conduct a semi‑structured interview. (b)\nExplain strengths of a semi‑structured interview. two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/22/O/N/23\n7\nJames was planning to use opportunity sampling to obtain participants from his university but (c)\nhas decided random sampling would be better.\nExplain how James could use random sampling to obtain participants from his university. (i)\n..........................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Olive and Durnaz are planning a questionnaire to use in their study, which aims to investigate 8\nforgetting in old people.\nOlive thinks that they should include some irrelevant questions so that the participants are (a)\nless likely to guess the aim of the study. Durnaz thinks this is unethical.\nExplain why Olive’s plan to include irrelevant questions would be useful. (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain why Durnaz thinks that Olive’s plan would be unethical. (ii)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nOlive and Durnaz want to be able to generalise their findings to all old people. (b)\nSuggest variable that could affect memory in old people, other than age. (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nExplain why the variable you suggested in could affect memory in old people. (ii) (b)(i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/22/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Gagan has collected data about personality characteristics. Two of the questions he asked were: 9\n• Personality question:\nWhich word best describes your personality? Angry / Confident / Kind / Worried.\n• Shyness question:\nHow shy do you feel in new situations on a scale of 0–5? (0 = not at all, 5 = very).\nName the appropriate measure of central tendency to use with the data from each (a) most\nquestion.\nPersonality question .................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nShyness question .....................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nName the appropriate type of graph for Gagan to use to display the results from the (b) most\n‘personality question’.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nWhen Gagan analyses the data for the ‘shyness question’, he finds that the scores are (c)\nnormally distributed.\nSketch a graph using the axes below to show the pattern of Gagan’s data from the ‘shyness\nquestion’. You label the axes. must\n……………………\n……………………\n……………………\n……………………\n[3]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/22/O/N/23\n10\nSection C\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-22-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-22-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Sara wants to test whether people with a higher intelligence quotient (IQ) are better at 10\nconcentrating. She will conduct a laboratory experiment and already has a test for measuring the\nIQ of the participants.\nDescribe how Sara can conduct a laboratory experiment to test whether people with a higher (a)\nIQ are better at concentrating than people with a lower IQ.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A matched pairs design is an experimental design that can be used in studies comparing two 1\nconditions, or levels, of an independent variable.\nExplain what is meant by a ‘matched pairs design’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nExplain advantage of using a matched pairs design compared to using a repeated (b) one\nmeasures design.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A range can be calculated when numerical scores are collected from participants in a study. 2\nDefine the term ‘range’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nDescribe how the range of ‘hours spent asleep’ could have been calculated in the study by (b)\nDement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/23/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The reliability of a study is affected by the measures (scales or tasks) chosen by the researcher 3\nand the way that these are used when conducting the study.\nOne way to check reliability is the test-retest technique. (a)\nDescribe how this technique checks reliability.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nAnother type of reliability is inter-rater reliability. (b)\nExplain how the inter-rater reliability of studies can be improved.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In each of the core studies, the researchers report their conclusions. 4\nExplain what is meant by the term ‘conclusions’, using an example from a core study from the (a)\nsocial approach.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nIn the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test), two main conclusions were drawn. (b)\nOutline of these conclusions. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/23/O/N/23" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia), a boy was repeatedly asked to use 5\nthe Feelings Thermometer. Other questions investigated his phobia further and showed that he\ndisliked buttons touching his body.\nExplain the type of interview used in this study.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q06-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q06-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the ethical guidelines of ‘housing’ and ‘rewards’ in relation to animals, using any 6\nexamples.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/23/O/N/23\n5\nQuestion 7 appears on Page 6.\n[Turn over © UCLES 2023 9990/23/O/N/23\n6\nSection B\nAnswer questions in this section. all" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dr Casson conducted a field experiment to compare the emotions that people show when they 7\nrespond to shop assistants who are either wearing a uniform or casual clothes. She asked the\nassistants at her local shop to wear a uniform on Saturdays and wear casual clothes on Sundays.\nExplain why Dr Casson’s study was a field experiment. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nSuggest how Dr Casson could have measured the dependent variable in her study. (b) (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest reason why it may be more difficult to measure the dependent variable in a (ii) one\nfield experiment than in a laboratory experiment.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Keung and Jovita are planning a correlational study to investigate the relationship between a 8\nperson’s physical activity level and their attention level. They each make a different prediction\nabout their results.\nSuggest how Keung and Jovita could measure the physical activity level of their participants. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2023 9990/23/O/N/23\n7\nWrite a null hypothesis for Keung and Jovita’s correlational study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nKeung predicted that there would be a positive correlation and Jovita predicted that there (c)\nwould be a negative correlation.\nTheir results show that a higher physical activity level is related to a lower attention level.\nExplain whether Keung or Jovita’s prediction was correct.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nKeung and Jovita plot a scatter diagram of their results. (d)\nExplain how they can see the strength of the correlation from their scatter diagram.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nKeung and Jovita’s friend says that their results show that the difference in physical activity (e)\nlevel is affecting attention level.\nExplain why they draw this conclusion from their research. cannot\n...................................................................................................................................................\n......................................" }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q09-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q09-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dr Wilson is conducting an experiment on memory for complex, coloured shapes. He is using 9\nstudents for his sample. Dr Wilson intends to generalise his results widely, to understand how well\ninternet users remember visual stimuli.\nSuggest how extraneous variable could affect Dr Wilson’s study. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nDr Wilson is using a volunteer sample of students from his university. (b) (i)\nSuggest how he could recruit his sample.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest advantage of using a volunteer sample compared to an opportunity sample. (ii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest disadvantage of using a volunteer sample compared to an opportunity (iii) one\nsample.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nOne reason why Dr Wilson cannot generalise the results from his study is his sampling (c)\ntechnique.\nState reason why he should " }, { "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2023, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2023-Oct-Nov/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2023-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w23_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2023-on-23-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2023-on-23-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dr Birkin is planning an observational study of children’s imaginary play behaviour (for example, a 10\nchild might use a leaf as a plate, or a big cardboard box as a boat or a house).\nDescribe how Dr Birkin could conduct an observational study of children to investigate their (a)\nimaginary play behaviour.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-m-12-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q01", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): 1\nIdentify the sampling technique used to recruit participants for Group 1 (adults with AS or (a)\nHFA).\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nOutline hypothesis in relation to the sex of the participants. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline the instructions that were given to participants on how to use the glossary. (c)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/12/F/M/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-m-12-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q02", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning): 2\nOutline what is meant by the term ‘positive reinforcement’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline result in relation to the number of sessions it took for the elephants to pass the (b) one\nfull trunk wash test. You use data in your answer. must\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-m-12-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q03", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans): 3\nIdentify features of one of the victims. (a) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nExplain why this study is from the social approach in psychology. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/12/F/M/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-m-12-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q04", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans): 4\nOutline aim of the study. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n‘Acting with awareness’ was measured by the ‘Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire’. (b)\nOutline other factor of mindfulness measured by this questionnaire. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-m-12-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q05", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline assumption of the cognitive approach in psychology. 5 (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain how finding from the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups) supports the assumption (b) one\nyou outlined in part (a).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline the term ‘false positive responses’, using an example from the study by Pozzulo et al. (c)\n(line-ups).\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/12/F/M/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-m-12-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q06", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Milgram (obedience), participants took a piece of paper from a hat. They were told 6\nthat this would decide whether they would be the teacher or the learner.\nDescribe the procedure from this point until the ‘learning task’ began. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain strength of this study in relation to reliability. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/12/F/M/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-m-12-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q07", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Your friend, Taara, needs your help. She has volunteered to take part in a study that is replicating 7\nthe study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams). She wants to know how she will be woken\nup and then asked about her dreams.\nOutline this part of the procedure for Taara.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-m-12-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-m-12-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q08", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Saira is talking about the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia). She says that the 8\nfindings were subjective.\nExplain why Saira is correct that the findings were subjective, using evidence from this study in\nyour answer.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/12/F/M/24\n7\nSection B\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-m-12-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q09", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the sample used in the study by Andrade (doodling). 9 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain similarity and difference between the study by Andrade (doodling) and the (b) one one\nstudy by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups). Do refer to the sample in your answer. not\nSimilarity ...................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nDifference .................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.............................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-m-12-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-m-12-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-12-q10", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences) in terms of strengths and 10 two two\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about ethics. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n......................................" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-m-22-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by a ‘negative correlation’. 1 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain ethical advantage of a correlational study compared to an experiment, using any (b) one\npsychological example.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-m-22-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The memory score in the study by Andrade (doodling) was calculated using two sources of data. 2\nOne source was the number of ‘correct responses’ of names and places given by the participants.\nDescribe how the total memory score was calculated.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/22/F/M/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-m-22-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams), participants were given instructions 3\nbefore the study about what they should and should not do.\nOutline of these instructions. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nExplain why the instruction you described in part was important to the validity of the study. (b) (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/22/F/M/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-m-22-q04-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-m-22-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The study by Perry et al. (personal space) measured preferred interpersonal distance (stop 4\ndistance) in a computerised virtual room.\nPreferred interpersonal distance was measured in relation to: (a)\n• a ball\n• a friend\n• a stranger\n• an authority figure.\nTable 4.1\nPreferred interpersonal distances in the control (placebo) condition\nfor the high empathy group\nball friend stranger authority figure\n21 11 39 34 Mean stop distance\nDraw a bar chart of the data from Table 4.1, on the axes provided. You label (i) must\nthe axes.\n.........................................\n.........................................\n.........................................\n.........................................\n[4]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/22/F/M/24\n5\nExplain why a bar chart is the appropriate graph to use to plot this data. (ii)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nState conclusion from this data. (iii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSuggest ethical strength of using a computerised virtual room to measure preferred (b) one\ninterpersonal distance.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-m-22-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Define the term ‘population’. 5 (a) (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nOutline example of a population from a core study from the social approach. (ii) one\nCore study: ........................................................................................................................\nExample: ............................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n[1]\nDefine the term ‘sample’. (b) (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nOutline example of a sample from a core study from the social approach. (ii) one\nCore study: ........................................................................................................................\nExample: ............................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n[1]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/22/F/M/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-m-22-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe practice effects and fatigue effects, using any example(s). 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/22/F/M/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-m-22-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Kavi has noticed that when customers leave a takeaway restaurant, they often drop rubbish. He 7\nplans to conduct a field experiment to investigate this. Kavi will place rubbish in the street or\nremove any rubbish so that he can record data in two conditions:\n• when the street has 10 pieces of rubbish\n• when the street has no rubbish.\nKavi will observe ten customers in each condition. He will count how many customers in each\ncondition drop rubbish.\nDraw a table that Kavi could use to collect his data. (a)\n[3]\nKavi chose a narrow street rather than a wide street for his experiment. (b)\nSuggest reason why this choice was important for the validity of Kavi’s experiment. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain why it was necessary for all the rubbish to be removed in the second condition. (c)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/22/F/M/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-m-22-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Cerys is observing a class of children who are learning to count. She is introduced to the class by 8\nthe teacher, but then sits separately from the children to record her data.\nExplain whether Cerys is conducting a participant observation or a non‑participant (a) (i)\nobservation.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nFor the answer you have given in part (a)(i): (ii)\nExplain strength of this type of observation. one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nCerys uses a structured observation. (b)\nSuggest behavioural categories that Cerys could use to measure how well the (i) two\nchildren are learning to count.\n1 .........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 .........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nIn relation to using of the behavioural categories you have suggested in part (b)(i): (ii) one\nExplain practical problem that Cerys could have. one\nBehavioural category: 1 or 2 ..............\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/22/F/M/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-m-22-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-m-22-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Nila is using a questionnaire to investigate adults’ use and understanding of the internet. Four of 9\nher questions are:\nA Describe how useful the internet is to you.\nB Explain whether you would like to use the internet more than you do.\nC How confident are you that you could send an email? 1 = not confident, 5 = very confident.\nD “Using the internet can be dangerous.” Do you agree? yes / no / not sure.\nIdentify closed question from A to D. (a) one\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nIdentify open question from A to D. (b) one\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNila wants to add this question to explore how adults use social media: (c)\nHow do you use social media? Tick all that apply.\n• to connect with colleagues\n• to connect with family\n• to discover local events.\nExplain strength of Nila’s question about the use of social media. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/22/F/M/24\n10\nSection B\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-March/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-March/qp/9990_m24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-m-22-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-m-22-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-m-22-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Henri feels relaxed when he smells flowers. He thinks that pleasant smells could influence 10\ndaydreaming.\nDescribe how Henri could conduct a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of pleasant (a)\nsmells on daydreaming.\nDo describe sample/sampling technique or ethical issues/guidelines in your answer. not\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-mj-11-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q01", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups), cartoon character targets were used. 1\nIdentify of the cartoon characters used. (a) one\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nIdentify features of the participants in the ‘young children’ group. (b) two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline conclusion from this study. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-mj-11-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q02", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Milgram (obedience): 2\nOutline aim of this study. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline way in which the participants were deceived. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/11/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-mj-11-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q03", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences): 3\nOutline result in relation to the duration of play by the monkeys with the ‘wheeled’ toys. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline result in relation to the rank of female monkeys and the duration of play. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain weakness of this study. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/11/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-mj-11-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q04", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Bandura et al. (aggression): 4\nOutline how ‘mallet aggression’ was defined in this study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline feature of social learning theory, using an example from this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-mj-11-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q05", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Suggest at least one application to everyday life of the study by Andrade (doodling). Do refer 5 not\nto more than three applications in your answer. Your suggestion(s) be ethical. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/11/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-mj-11-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q06", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans), on each trial a team of four students 6\nboarded the train.\nDescribe the procedure from this point until the victim collapsed.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-mj-11-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q07", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Suggest problems that could arise if children were used as participants in the study by 7 two\nBaron-Cohen et al. (eyes test).\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/11/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-mj-11-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q08", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Two friends, Jack and Daphne, are discussing the ethics of the study by Perry et al. (personal 8\nspace). Jack says the study is ethical, but Daphne says the study is ethical. not\nExplain why you think Jack Daphne is correct, using evidence from this study in your either or\nanswer.\nThe friend who I think is correct is ....................................................................................................\nbecause: ...........................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nSection B\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-mj-11-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-mj-11-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q09", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Outline dreams reported by participants in the study by Dement and Kleitman 9 (a) two\n(sleep and dreams).\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/11/M/J/24\n7\nExplain differences between the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) and (b) two\nother study from the biological approach. One of the differences be about the one must\nsample of participants.\nDifference 1 ..............................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nDifference 2 ..............................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-mj-11-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-mj-11-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-11-q10", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning) in terms of strengths and 10 two two\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about quantitative data. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-mj-12-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q01", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 1 The first stage of the study by Bandura et al. (aggression) was when the children were rated on\nfour scales by the experimenter and a nursery school teache.r One of these scales was ‘aggressive\nOD\ninhibition’.\n(a) Identify one of the other scales used in this first stage.\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nSIHT (b) Outline how the children were assigned to one of the conditions in this study.\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM (c) Identify two features of the final experimental room used in the ‘test for delayed imitation’.\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n2 ................................................................................................................................................ NI\nETIRW [2]\nTON" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-mj-12-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q02", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "TON\n2 From the study by Andrade (doodling):\nOD\n(a) Outline the experimental design used in this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\n(b) Outline one conclusion from this study.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:179)(cid:237)(cid:203)(cid:237)(cid:211)(cid:289)(cid:229)(cid:254)(cid:185)(cid:265)(cid:200)(cid:254)(cid:215)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-mj-12-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q03", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:10)(cid:8)(cid:4)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n3 From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams):\nSIHT\nNI (a) Outline one result in relation to REM sleep and dream recall.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Outline one result in relation to dream duration estimates when participants were woken up\nSIHT 15 minutes after the onset of REM sleep.\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM (c) Explain one weakness of this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:179)(cid:237)(cid:203)(cid:237)(cid:211)(cid:289)(cid:229)(cid:254)(cid:185)(cid:267)(cid:200)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-mj-12-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q04", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:10)(cid:8)(cid:4)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n4 From the study by Milgram (obedience):\nSIHT\nNI (a) Outline what is meant by the term ‘obedience’.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Outline how one ethical guideline was broken in this study.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nSIHT" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-mj-12-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q05", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "SIHT\n5 Suggest at least one application to everyday life of the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and NI\nETIRW brain scans). Do not refer to more than three applications in your answer . Your suggestion(s)\nmust be ethical.\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:179)(cid:237)(cid:203)(cid:237)(cid:211)(cid:289)(cid:229)(cid:254)(cid:187)(cid:265)(cid:200)(cid:256)(cid:215)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-mj-12-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q06", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:10)(cid:8)(cid:4)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n6 From the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups):\nSIHT\nNI Describe the ‘line-up presentation’ for the target–absent condition.\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-mj-12-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q07", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n7 Suggest two problems that could arise if children were used as participants in the study by Perry\nSIHT\net al. (personal space).\nNI\nETIRW 1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n[4]\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:179)(cid:237)(cid:203)(cid:237)(cid:211)(cid:289)(cid:229)(cid:254)(cid:187)(cid:267)(cid:200)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-mj-12-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q08", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:10)(cid:8)(cid:4)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n8 Two friends, Sabtu and Joyah, are discussing the validity of the study by Piliavin et al. (subway\nSIHT\nSamaritans). Sabtu says the study has validity, but Joyah says the study does not have validity.\nNI\nETIRW\nExplain why you think either Sabtu or Joyah is correct, using evidence from this study in your\nanswer.\nTON\nThe friend who I think is correct is ....................................................................................................\nOD\nbecause: ...........................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nSection B\nNI\nETIRW Answer all questions.\nTON" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-mj-12-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-mj-12-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q09", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "TON\n9 (a) Describe the psychology being investigated in the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning).\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:179)(cid:237)(cid:203)(cid:237)(cid:211)(cid:289)(cid:229)(cid:254)(cid:186)(cid:267)(cid:197)(cid:254)(cid:215)\nNIGRAM\n7\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:10)(cid:8)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\n(b) Explain one similarity and one dif ference between the study by Fagen et al. (elephant\nSIHT\nlearning) and one other study from the learning approach.\nNI\nETIRW\nSimilarity ...................................................................................................................................\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-mj-12-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-mj-12-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-12-q10", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:10)(cid:8)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n10 Evaluate the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test) in terms of two strengths and two\nSIHT\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points must be about ethics.\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-mj-13-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q01", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Perry et al. (personal space): 1\nState the number of participants used in this study. (a)\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nOutline what is meant by the term ‘interpersonal distance (personal space)’. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline how a participant was allocated to the ‘high empathy’ group in this study. (c)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-mj-13-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q02", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Bandura et al. (aggression): 2\nOutline aim of this study. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline how the response measure of ‘aggressive gun play’ was defined in this study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/13/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-mj-13-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q03", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans): 3\nOutline result in relation to the race of helper when the victim was ‘drunk’. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOutline result in relation to the number of males in the critical area and the time taken for (b) one\nthe victim to receive help.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain weakness of this study. (c) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/13/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-mj-13-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q04", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Andrade (doodling): 4\nDescribe what is meant by the term ‘attention’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nThe sample consisted of 40 participants from a participant panel. (b)\nIdentify other features of the sample. two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-mj-13-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q05", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Suggest at least one application to everyday life of the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy 5\npreferences). Do refer to more than three applications in your answer. Your suggestion(s) not\nbe ethical. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/13/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-mj-13-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q06", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning): 6\nDescribe how the elephants were trained to perform the ‘trunk up’ behavioural task.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-mj-13-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q07", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Suggest problems that could arise if children were used as participants in the study by Hölzel 7 two\net al. (mindfulness and brain scans).\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/13/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-mj-13-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-mj-13-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q08", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Two friends, Luis and Ava, are discussing the application to everyday life of the study by Milgram 8\n(obedience). Luis says the study does have application to everyday life, but Ava says the study\ndoes have application to everyday life. not\nExplain why you think Luis Ava is correct, using evidence from this study in your answer. either or\nThe friend who I think is correct is ....................................................................................................\nbecause: ...........................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/13/M/J/24\n7\nSection B\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-mj-13-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q09", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): 9\nDescribe the sample used in Group 1 Group 2. (a) either or\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nExplain similarities between the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test) and other (b) two one\nstudy from the cognitive approach. Do refer to the sample in your answer. not\nSimilarity 1 ................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSimilarity 2 ................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-mj-13-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-mj-13-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-13-q10", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Evaluate the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia) in terms of strengths and 10 two two\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points be about quantitative data. must\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n............................" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-21-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Identify the sampling technique used in the study by Milgram (obedience). 1 (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nOutline how the sample was obtained in this study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-21-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by the ethical guideline of ‘species’ in relation to animals in psychological 2\nresearch.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-21-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) asked participants to record their dream narratives. The 3\nwords in each narrative were counted.\nIdentify the type of data provided by counting the words in the narratives. Justify your answer. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain strength of collecting this type of data in this study. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/21/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-21-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Glyn is conducting an experiment with an independent measures design. He is testing the effect 4\nof background noise on social learning (learning by imitation). Glyn shows each participant how to\nbuild a tower from blocks. Each participant then builds this tower, with either singing or silence in\nthe background.\nExplain what is meant by an ‘independent measures design’, including an example from (a)\nGlyn’s study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nExplain what is meant by a ‘control condition’, including an example from Glyn’s study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSuggest how Glyn could measure social learning (learning by imitation) in his study. (c)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/21/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-21-q05-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-21-q05-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups), children were interviewed. 5\nExplain why it was necessary to gain consent from both the children and the children’s (a)\nparents/guardians.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nTo test correct identification of the cartoon characters, many ‘foils’ were needed that were (b)\nsimilar to the target cartoons.\nExplain way in which the foils needed to be similar to the targets. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/21/M/J/24\n5\nFig. 5.1 shows some of the data from this study. Use this graph to produce a table of the data. (c)\nYou write full headings on your table. must\n100\nKey\nchildren\nadults 80\n60\npercentage\ncorrect\nidentification\n40\n20\n0\ncartoon female human female\ntype of target\nFig. 5.1\nResults from the study by Pozzulo et al.\nfor the correct identification of target individuals in a line-up.\n[4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/21/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-21-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe participant observation and non-participant observation, using any example(s). 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/21/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-21-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Ranya is collecting data about study habits after school. She is asking students in her school two 7\nquestions:\n• Question 1 How long do you spend studying per week after school?\n• Question 2 Which subject do you prefer to study after school: arts, languages, maths or\nscience?\nRanya will use two different measures of central tendency on her data, the mode and the (a)\nmean.\nExplain which measure of central tendency would be appropriate for each of Ranya’s most\nquestions.\nMeasure of central tendency for Question 1 ............................\nExplanation ...............................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nMeasure of central tendency for Question 2 ............................\nExplanation ...............................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nExplain how Ranya would calculate the range of hours spent studying per week after (b) (i)\nschool.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nRanya’s colleague says she should use the standard deviation instead of the range for (ii)\nthe data from Question 1.\nExplain why the standard deviation would provide more information than the range.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nRanya will use a non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis about study habits. (c)\nExplain which hypothesis Ranya will use:\nX Students who prefer maths will spend more time studying.\nY There will be a difference in the time spent studying by students who prefer maths and\nstudents who do not prefer maths.\nHypothesis X or Y: ............................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n[Turn over © UCLES 20" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-21-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Simon is conducting a study about children learning to read. He is comparing how well they 8\nunderstand a story when reading from a book which has pages with images that are either:\n• coloured shapes\n• pictures that are not related to the text\n• pictures that are related to the text.\nIdentify the independent variable (IV) in Simon’s study. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nIdentify the dependent variable (DV) in Simon’s study. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nAll the pictures and shapes are brightly coloured. (c)\nExplain reason why this is important. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/21/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-21-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-21-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Heng is conducting a study to investigate the job satisfaction of male and female employees at a 9\nfactory.\nShe has identified two problems with uncontrolled variables. One is a situational variable and the\nother is a participant variable:\n• variable X: female employees have more responsibilities at home\n• variable Y: the factory promotes male employees faster than females.\nExplain which of these problems is a participant variable. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nExplain which of these problems is a situational variable. (b) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nSuggest how Heng could limit the problem of of these uncontrolled variables. (c) (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nTrying to limit a problem in a study can create further issues. (ii)\nSuggest issue that your answer to part could create for Heng. one (c)(i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/21/M/J/24\n10\nSection B\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-21-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-21-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-21-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Mary is conducting a case study on a boy diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder. He 10\nproduces many detailed doodles and Mary wants to learn about him and his doodling.\nDescribe how Mary could conduct a case study of doodling in a boy diagnosed with an autistic (a)\nspectrum disorder.\nDo describe sampling technique or ethical issues/guidelines in your answer. not\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-22-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n1 (a) (i) State the two main features of a case study.\nTON\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT [2]\nNI\n(ii) Explain why the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia) was a case study , in\nETIRW\nrelation to these two main features.\nTON\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nSIHT\n(b) Explain one way to improve validity in a case study. NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:179)(cid:237)(cid:199)(cid:251)(cid:211)(cid:257)(cid:213)(cid:262)(cid:195)(cid:276)(cid:183)(cid:270)(cid:215)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-22-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n2 Kanav wanted to recruit participants from his town for his study. He put an advertisement into the\nSIHT\nwindow of every shop in his town and used all the people who responded as his sample.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) (i) Explain the sampling technique Kanav used.\nTON ...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT (ii) Suggest one weakness of using this sampling technique in Kanav’s study.\nNI\n...........................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-22-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n3 (a) A study has the hypothesis ‘Four-year-old children make more language mistakes than\neight-year-old children.’\nSIHT\nState whether this hypothesis is a: NI\n• ETIRW directional hypothesis\n• non-directional hypothesis\n• null hypothesis. TON\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n(b) Explain the reason for your choice in part (a).\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:179)(cid:237)(cid:199)(cid:251)(cid:211)(cid:257)(cid:213)(cid:262)(cid:195)(cid:274)(cid:183)(cid:270)(cid:215) [Turn over" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-22-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n4 The study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences) used animals.\nSIHT\nNI Outline two named ethical guidelines in relation to the use of animals in this study.\nETIRW\nEthical guideline 1 ............................................................................................................................\nTON\nOutline ..............................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\nEthical guideline 2 ............................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nOutline ..............................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-22-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "5 In the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test), a control task was used to be certain that the\nNIGRAM AS/HFA participants could use information from pictures of eyes to make simple judgements.\n(a) Identify this control task.\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nTON\n(b) Outline what participants were required to do in this control task.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:179)(cid:237)(cid:199)(cid:251)(cid:211)(cid:257)(cid:213)(cid:262)(cid:193)(cid:276)(cid:183)(cid:272)(cid:215)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-22-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n6 Describe how variables in correlations can be measured, using any example(s).\nSIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:179)(cid:237)(cid:199)(cid:251)(cid:211)(cid:257)(cid:213)(cid:262)(cid:193)(cid:274)(cid:183)(cid:272)(cid:215) [Turn over" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-22-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n7 Chyou is conducting a self-report about students’ subject choices. Four of her questions are:\nSIHT\nNI\nA Describe how much you like maths.\nETIRW\nB How much do you enjoy studying science?\n0 = do not enjoy it at all, 5 = enjoy it a lot.\nTON\nC “I have always known what subjects I want to study.”\nTo what extent do you agree with this statement? OD\nstrongly agree / agree / neither agree nor disagree / disagree / strongly disagree.\nD Write about whether you would like to be a doctor.\nNIGRAM\n(a) Identify one closed question from A to D.\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nETIRW\n(b) Identify one open question from A to D.\nTON\n................................................................................................................................................... OD\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n(c) Chyou has written two questions to investigate the process of students choosing their NIGRAM\nsubjects.\nSIHT\nE How old were you when you decided you did or did not like science?\nF Describe how you felt when you made your final decision about subject choices. NI\nETIRW\n(i) State one strength of question E.\nTON\nOD ...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nNIGRAM (ii) State one strength of question F.\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..................................................................................................................................... [1] NI\nETIRW\n(d) Suggest two questions Chyou could ask to investigate factors af fecting students’ subject\nchoices. TON\nOD\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\n[2]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:1" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-22-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-22-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\n8 Daku is observing the obedience of boys and girls to teachers and older pupils when they are\nSIHT\nwaiting for their lunch. Fig. 8.1 is a graph of Daku’s results.\nNI\nETIRW 18\n16\nTON\n14\nOD\n12\nlevel of 10\nobedience\n8\nNIGRAM 6\n4\nSIHT 2\n0\nNI\nboys girls boys girls\nETIRW\nobedience to obedience to\nteachers older pupils TON\nOD\nFig. 8.1\n(a) Daku’s conclusion is that girls are more obedient than boys. Daku’ s colleague, Jedda, has\nlooked at Daku’s graph and disagrees with Daku’s conclusion.\nNIGRAM\nExplain one reason why Daku’ s conclusion from his graph may be incorrect.\nSIHT\nDo not refer to sample size in your answer .\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Jedda suggests that Daku needs a bigger sample.\nSIHT\nExplain one benefit of increasing the sample size in this study .\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:219)(cid:249)(cid:191)(cid:288)(cid:179)(cid:237)(cid:199)(cid:251)(cid:211)(cid:257)(cid:213)(cid:262)(cid:195)(cid:274)(cid:182)(cid:270)(cid:215) [Turn over\nNIGRAM\n8\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n(c) Daku has identified a problem caused by an uncontrolled variable. The boys had to wait\nSIHT\nlonger for their lunch than the girls.\nNI\nETIRW\n(i) Explain whether this problem is caused by a situational variable or a participant variable.\nTON ...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\n(ii) Explain how this problem would have affected Daku’s results.\nNIGRAM\n........" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-22-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-22-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:44)\n9 Carol is investigating how music in a sports centre af fects the amount that people exercise. On\nSIHT\neach visit she listens to the music that is playing. She measures the music by counting the number\nNI of musical beats per minute (faster music has more musical beats per minute than slower music).\nETIRW\n(a) Suggest one problem with Carol’s measure of the music.\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\n(b) Carol records the time each person in the sports centre starts and stops exercising. All of the\nNI\nsports centre members have given permission for this to happen.\nETIRW\nExplain two reasons why Carol obtained permission to gather her data, in relation to ethical\nTON\nguidelines.\nOD\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW 2 ................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nNIGRAM\n(c) Explain one reason why it is important that Carol visits the sports centre at dif ferent times of\nday.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n.........................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-22-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-22-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-22-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n10 Chloë is studying behaviour in the workplace. She wants to investigate how people behave during\nTON mealtimes at work. A range of food is available to the workers, which can be eaten in dif ferent\nways. The workers also vary in how sociable they are during meals. Chloë intends to produce a\nOD\ndetailed description of the variety of behaviours during meals at work.\n(a) Describe how Chloë could conduct an observational study using participant observation to\nrecord the variety of behaviours during meals at work.\nNIGRAM\nDo not describe sample/sampling technique or ethical issues/guidelines in your answer.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n........................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-23-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain what is meant by a covert observation, using any example. 1\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-23-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "The results from the study by Andrade (doodling) included the following data about the shading of 2\nshapes by participants in the doodling group:\n• the mean number per participant was 36.3\n• the range was 3–110.\nOutline what these results show about doodling by this group of participants. two\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-23-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe how feature of the study by Milgram (obedience) helped to make the study valid. 3 one\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/23/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-23-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "One group of participants in the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans) was a sample 4\nof 16 right-handed adults: 6 males and 10 females.\nExplain reasons why this sample may be representative. two not\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-23-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Memory research is often conducted using eyewitnesses who have witnessed a real crime. 5\nAlternatively, researchers can use a simulated crime in a laboratory and ask participants what\nthey remember.\nOne strength of using a simulated crime in a laboratory is that it can improve objectivity. (a)\nOutline what is meant by the term ‘objectivity’, including an example about eyewitnesses.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nDescribe how feature of the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups) helped to make the study (b) one\nobjective.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/23/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-23-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe the following experimental designs, using any example(s): 6\n• matched pairs design\n• repeated measures design.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n© UCLES 2024 9990/23/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-23-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Yashal is planning an experiment about the effect music has on students doing their homework. 7\nShe is choosing the conditions she will use.\nOutline what is meant by the term ‘experimental condition’. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nOutline what is meant by the term ‘control condition’. (b) (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSuggest a control condition that Yashal could use in her experiment. (ii)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nYashal is planning to use students working at home as participants. (c)\nExplain the type of experiment Yashal would be conducting.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/23/M/J/24" }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 13, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-23-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-23-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "A parrot rescue centre has some new parrots which need to learn to enter a cage. Their trainer is 8\nplanning a procedure using operant conditioning to teach the parrots to enter the cage.\nSuggest way that the parrots could be taught to enter the cage. (a) one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nThe success of the procedure can be measured by counting the number of days it takes each (b)\nparrot to learn to enter the cage.\nSuggest practical problems with this measurement of success. (i) two\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n[4]\nFor of the problems you suggested in part (b)(i): (ii) one\nSuggest way this problem could be solved. one\nProblem 1 or 2: .............\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n......................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-23-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-23-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Faiza is planning to investigate the effect of air pollution on emotion. She had planned to conduct 9\na laboratory experiment, but rejected this for ethical reasons.\nSuggest reason why conducting a laboratory experiment for Faiza’s investigation could (a) one\nhave been unethical.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nFaiza decides to use geography students as participants. They are visiting a rural environment (b)\nand a polluted city as part of their geography course. She will collect data in both places.\nExplain reason why Faiza’s new plan is more ethical. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nFaiza is concerned about uncontrolled variables in her study. (c)\nSuggest how uncontrolled variables could affect the measurement of emotion. two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.............................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-May-June/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-May-June/qp/9990_s24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-23-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-mj-23-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-mj-23-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Bhaavik is interested in the relationship between shyness and happiness. He says to his friend 10\nJim that the shy people he knows are really happy, but Jim says he knows lots of happy people\nwho are not shy.\nDescribe how Bhaavik could conduct a correlational study to investigate the relationship (a)\nbetween shyness and happiness.\nDo describe sample/sampling technique or ethical issues/guidelines in your answer. not\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-on-11-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q01", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 1 In the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences):\nOD\n(a) A sample of monkeys from a troop of 135 was used.\nState the total number of monkeys used as the final sample.\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n(b) Identify two toys that were categorised as ‘wheeled’ in this study. SIHT\nNI\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n[2]\nOD\n(c) Outline one conclusion from this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-on-11-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q02", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "TON\n2 From the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia):\nOD\n(a) Outline the change in ratings of distress when the boy had to imagine hugging his mother\nwith her shirt full of buttons.\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD\n(b) Explain one weakness of this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n...............................................................................................................................................[2] ETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:251)(cid:184)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/11/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:227)(cid:197)(cid:252)(cid:205)(cid:287)(cid:300)(cid:249)(cid:206)(cid:260)(cid:258)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:218)(cid:225)(cid:234)(cid:283)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-on-11-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q03", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n3 From the study by Pozzulo et al. (line‑ups):\nSIHT\nNI (a) Outline one aim of the study.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Explain why this study is from the cognitive approach in psychology.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...............................................................................................................................................[2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-on-11-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q04", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM 4 In the study by Milgram (obedience), there was a ‘learning task’. Milgram called this a\n‘paired‑associate learning task’.\nSIHT\nDescribe this ‘learning task’.\nNI\nETIRW ..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n.......................................................................................................................................................... OD\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:249)(cid:184)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/11/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:227)(cid:198)(cid:251)(cid:213)(cid:297)(cid:296)(cid:265)(cid:235)(cid:246)(cid:239)(cid:244)(cid:225)(cid:226)(cid:245)(cid:234)(cid:299)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-on-11-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q05", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n5 (a) Outline two assumptions of the biological approach in psychology.\nSIHT\nNI 1 ................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\nTON\nOD (b) Explain how one finding from the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans)\nsupports one of the assumptions you outlined in part (a).\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:251)(cid:184)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/11/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:227)(cid:198)(cid:250)(cid:213)(cid:291)(cid:278)(cid:256)(cid:208)(cid:252)(cid:248)(cid:251)(cid:259)(cid:254)(cid:215)(cid:186)(cid:275)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-on-11-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q06", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n6 In the study by Perry et al. (personal space), the participants had to complete two conditions. One\nSIHT\nwas the oxytocin condition.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) Describe how the participants received the oxytocin.\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nETIRW\n(b) Identify what was received by participants when in the other condition, instead of oxytocin.\nTON\nOD ............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n(c) Explain one strength of this study.\nNIGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:249)(cid:184)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/11/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:227)(cid:197)(cid:249)(cid:205)(cid:293)(cid:282)(cid:240)(cid:233)(cid:254)(cid:265)(cid:174)(cid:215)(cid:246)(cid:259)(cid:186)(cid:291)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-on-11-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q07", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n7 Gabriela has a job where she needs to listen to recorded telephone conversations to check the\nSIHT\nquality of customer service. However, she finds it dif ficult to pay attention to the recordings. She\nNI wants advice on how to improve her attention.\nETIRW\nOutline what advice you would give to Gabriela, using your knowledge of the study by Andrade\nTON (doodling).\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-on-11-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-on-11-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q08", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n8 Adamu is talking about the study by Baron‑Cohen et al. (eyes test). He says that the findings are\nnot generalisable.\nSIHT\nExplain why Adamu is correct that the findings are not generalisable, using evidence from this NI\nETIRW study in your answer.\n.......................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4] OD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:249)(cid:181)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/11/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:227)(cid:198)(cid:249)(cid:210)(cid:287)(cid:242)(cid:246)(cid:225)(cid:265)(cid:252)(cid:199)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:290)(cid:274)(cid:275)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n7\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\nSection B\nSIHT\nNI Answer all questions.\nETIRW" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-on-11-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-on-11-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q09", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 9 From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams):\nOD\n(a) Outline two dreams reported by participants that had vertical eye movements.\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:219)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:251)(cid:181)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/11/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:227)(cid:197)(cid:250)(cid:218)(cid:297)(cid:238)(cid:262)(cid:216)(cid:239)(cid:261)(cid:258)(cid:291)(cid:246)(cid:182)(cid:274)(cid:291)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n8\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n(b) Explain two differences between the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) and\nSIHT\nthe study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans). One of the dif ferences must be\nNI about the technique used to investigate the brain.\nETIRW\nDifference 1 ..............................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.........................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-on-11-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-on-11-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-11-q10", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:44)\n10 Evaluate the study by Bandura et al. (aggression) in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses.\nSIHT\nAt least one of your evaluation points must be about validity.\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..." }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-on-12-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q01", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 1 In the study by Saavedra and Silverman, a boy was treated for a specific phobia.\nOD\n(a) Identify the specific phobia the boy was being treated for.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Describe the ‘Feelings Thermometer’ used in the study.\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(c) Identify two findings from the post-treatment session.\nNIGRAM 1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n[2]\nNI\nETIRW" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-on-12-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q02", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n2 From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test):\nTON\n(a) Outline one result in relation to sex of participant and scores on the Reading the Mind in the\nOD\nEyes test.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nETIRW\n(b) Explain one weakness of this study.\nTON\n................................................................................................................................................... OD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... NIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:252)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/12/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:186)(cid:242)(cid:216)(cid:295)(cid:271)(cid:286)(cid:209)(cid:259)(cid:267)(cid:280)(cid:197)(cid:247)(cid:256)(cid:186)(cid:291)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-on-12-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q03", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n3 From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans):\nSIHT\nNI (a) Outline what is meant by the term ‘bystander apathy’.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Explain one reason why this study supports a situational explanation of behaviour.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-on-12-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q04", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM 4 In the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans), one of the groups participated in a\nMindfulness-Based Stress Reduction course. There were ‘inclusion criteria’ for this group.\nSIHT\nDescribe these inclusion criteria.\nNI\nETIRW ..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n.......................................................................................................................................................... OD\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/12/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:185)(cid:241)(cid:208)(cid:289)(cid:275)(cid:270)(cid:232)(cid:245)(cid:246)(cid:209)(cid:273)(cid:255)(cid:220)(cid:186)(cid:275)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:213)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-on-12-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q05", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n5 (a) Outline two assumptions of the social approach in psychology.\nSIHT\nNI 1 ................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\nTON\nOD (b) Explain how one finding from the study by Perry et al. (personal space) supports one of the\nassumptions you outlined in part (a).\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:252)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/12/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:185)(cid:244)(cid:208)(cid:299)(cid:289)(cid:283)(cid:211)(cid:251)(cid:237)(cid:218)(cid:179)(cid:227)(cid:250)(cid:234)(cid:299)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-on-12-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q06", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n6 In the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences), each trial lasted for 25 minutes within the\nSIHT\nmonkey enclosure.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) Describe the procedure for a trial.\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n(b) Explain one strength of this study in relation to observations.\nNIGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/12/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:186)(cid:243)(cid:216)(cid:285)(cid:285)(cid:299)(cid:230)(cid:253)(cid:260)(cid:271)(cid:295)(cid:219)(cid:222)(cid:234)(cid:283)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-on-12-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q07", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n7 Children can be eyewitnesses to a crime. However, children’s identification of the criminal can be\nSIHT\ninaccurate.\nNI\nETIRW\nSuggest how child eyewitnesses can be helped to accurately identify the criminal they have seen,\nusing your knowledge of the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups).\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-on-12-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-on-12-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q08", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM 8 Tejas is talking about the study by Bandura et al. (aggression). He says that the study is not\nethical.\nSIHT\nExplain why Tejas is correct that the study is not ethical, using evidence from this study in your\nanswer. NI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:250)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/12/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:185)(cid:243)(cid:219)(cid:295)(cid:261)(cid:289)(cid:222)(cid:266)(cid:241)(cid:294)(cid:263)(cid:227)(cid:191)(cid:258)(cid:299)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n7\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\nSection B\nSIHT\nNI Answer all questions.\nETIRW" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-on-12-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q09", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 9 (a) Describe the sample used in the study by Milgram (obedience).\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n(b) Explain two dif ferences between the study by Milgram (obedience) and the study by\nNIGRAM\nPerry et al. (personal space). One of the differences must be about ethics.\nDifference 1 ..............................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nDifference 2 .............................................................................................................................. ETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD .........................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-on-12-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-on-12-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-12-q10", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n10 Evaluate the study by Andrade (doodling) in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses. At least\nSIHT\none of your evaluation points must be about the sampling technique used.\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nN" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-on-13-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q01", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 1 In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams), five participants were studied intenseivly.\nThere were also a number of participants who had minimal data collected from them.\nOD\n(a) State the number of participants who had minimal data collected from them.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Before the study began, participants were given two instructions about what they must not do:\n• do not consume alcohol SIHT\n• do not consume caffeine.\nNI\nETIRW\nParticipants were also given two instructions about what they must do.\nTON\nState these two instructions.\nOD\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM [2]\n(c) Outline one conclusion from this study in relation to dreaming.\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:252)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/13/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:204)(cid:244)(cid:218)(cid:300)(cid:274)(cid:274)(cid:230)(cid:242)(cid:254)(cid:224)(cid:288)(cid:261)(cid:265)(cid:282)(cid:283)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-on-13-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q02", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n2 From the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences):\nSIHT\nNI (a) Outline one result in relation to sex differences in frequency of play with ‘plush’ toys.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Explain one weakness of this study.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-on-13-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q03", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM 3 From the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia):\n(a) Outline how positive reinforcement was used in the treatment of the boy’s phobia.\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(b) Explain one reason why this study supports the nurture side of the nature versus nurture\nNIGRAM\ndebate.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n............................................................................................................................................. [2] OD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/13/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:203)(cid:243)(cid:210)(cid:286)(cid:270)(cid:290)(cid:211)(cid:264)(cid:243)(cid:297)(cid:188)(cid:237)(cid:205)(cid:282)(cid:299)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-on-13-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q04", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n4 From the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups):\nSIHT\nNI Describe the ‘line-up presentation’ for the target–present condition.\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-on-13-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q05", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n5 (a) Outline two assumptions of the learning approach in psychology.\nSIHT\n1 ................................................................................................................................................ NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\nTON\n(b) Explain how one finding from the study by Bandura et al. (aggression) supports one of the OD\nassumptions you outlined in part (a).\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n............................................................................................................................................. [2] ETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:252)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/13/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:203)(cid:242)(cid:210)(cid:296)(cid:288)(cid:295)(cid:232)(cid:266)(cid:252)(cid:290)(cid:282)(cid:209)(cid:239)(cid:266)(cid:275)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2024-on-13-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q06", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n6 From the study by Andrade (doodling):\nSIHT\nNI (a) Describe the psychology being investigated in this study.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nOD\n(b) Explain one strength of this study in relation to reliability.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-on-13-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q07", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "TON\n7 Your friend Ruru has read a story in a newspaper about a nurse who gave incorrect medicine to a\nOD\npatient because a doctor told her to. Ruru says that he cannot understand why the nurse would do\nthat.\nSuggest to Ruru why the nurse gave incorrect medicine, using your knowledge of the study by\nNIGRAM\nMilgram (obedience).\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n.......................................................................................................................................................... OD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/13/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:204)(cid:241)(cid:218)(cid:290)(cid:292)(cid:279)(cid:209)(cid:240)(cid:261)(cid:231)(cid:190)(cid:233)(cid:235)(cid:266)(cid:291)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:229)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-on-13-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2024-on-13-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q08", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n8 Betsy is talking about the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans). She says that the\nSIHT\nstudy has validity.\nNI\nETIRW\nExplain why Betsy is correct that the study has validity , using evidence from this study in your\nanswer.\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:250)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/13/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:203)(cid:241)(cid:213)(cid:300)(cid:268)(cid:269)(cid:217)(cid:251)(cid:248)(cid:206)(cid:222)(cid:209)(cid:202)(cid:226)(cid:275)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n7\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\nSection B\nSIHT\nAnswer all questions. NI\nETIRW" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2024-on-13-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q09", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n9 (a) Describe the sample used in the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning). TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n(b) Explain one similarity and one difference between the study byF agen et al. (elephant learning)\nNIGRAM and the study by Bandura et al. (aggression). Do not refer to the sample in your answer.\nSimilarity ...................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nDifference ................................................................................................................................. ETIRW\n.........................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-on-13-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2024-on-13-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-13-q10", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n10 Evaluate the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans) in terms of two strengths and two\nSIHT\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points must be about ethics.\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRA" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-21-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n1 Explain what is meant by a ‘matched pairs design’, including any example.\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\nNI" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-21-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "SIHT\nNI\n2 A longitudinal experiment is testing the hypothesis ‘Elephants will learn better as they grow older’.\nETIRW\nIdentify the type of hypothesis in this experiment. Justify your answer.\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\nNI" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-21-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NI\nETIRW 3 For the study by Baron-Cohen et al., a revised version of the ‘eyes test’ was developed. However,\nsome problems with ecological validity remained.\nTON\n(a) Define what is meant by the term ‘ecological validity’.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\n(b) (i) Outline one problem with the ecological validity of the revised eyes test.\nSIHT\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nTON\n(ii) Explain one way in which the problem you identified in part (b)(i) could be solved.\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/21/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:226)(cid:229)(cid:252)(cid:218)(cid:287)(cid:281)(cid:292)(cid:225)(cid:264)(cid:244)(cid:290)(cid:214)(cid:295)(cid:258)(cid:249)(cid:279)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-21-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n4 The study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences) was an experiment.\nSIHT\nNI (a) Describe what is meant by an ‘experiment’.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\n(b) State one independent variable from this study.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nTON\n(c) Describe two strengths of experiments as a research method.\nOD\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW 2 ................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:252)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/21/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:226)(cid:230)(cid:251)(cid:210)(cid:297)(cid:277)(cid:276)(cid:216)(cid:242)(cid:253)(cid:231)(cid:258)(cid:271)(cid:214)(cid:249)(cid:295)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:261" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-21-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n5 Describe inter-rater reliability and inter-observer reliability, using any example(s).\nSIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/21/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:226)(cid:230)(cid:250)(cid:210)(cid:291)(cid:295)(cid:277)(cid:227)(cid:240)(cid:262)(cid:224)(cid:228)(cid:179)(cid:248)(cid:297)(cid:271)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n5\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\nBLANK PAGE\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(ci" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-21-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-21-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n6 Dr Eynon is a university lecturer studying personality . She tested the personality of some of her\nSIHT\nstudents and divided them into two groups, ‘personality R’ and ‘personality S’. Dr Eynon then\nNI showed them photographs of pleasant scenes, such as a beach. Half of the scenes contained\nETIRW\npeople and half did not contain people. They scored each photograph to show how much they\nliked it.\nTON\n(a) (i) Suggest one pleasant scene that Dr Eynon could use for one of her photographs, other\nOD\nthan a beach.\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\n(ii) Dr Eynon needs to control many features about the scenes to ensure that they are SIHT\nsimilar, in addition to manipulating whether they contain people or not.\nNI\nETIRW\nSuggest two features that Dr Eynon should control about the scenes.\nTON\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nSIHT\n(iii) Explain why one of the features you have suggested in part (a)(ii) would be important in NI\nETIRW Dr Eynon’s study.\nFeature 1 or 2: ................... TON\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:252)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/21/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:226)(cid:230)(cid:249)(cid:213)(cid:287)(cid:259)(cid:287)(cid:206)(cid:253)(cid:266)(cid:276)(cid:280)(cid:179)(cid:193)(cid:193)(cid:271)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n7\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-21-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-21-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n7 Mr Grainger trains each of his farm animals to enter a stable. He lets the animal approach the\nSIHT\nstable, then rewards it with food. Each time the animal gets closer to the stable than before, he\nNI rewards it with food. When the animal enters the stable, he rewards it again. He repeats this each\nETIRW\nday until the animal enters the stable without rewards.\nTON (a) (i) Suggest one way that Mr Grainger can measure the success of this training.\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2] SIHT\nNI\n(ii) For the measure of success you suggested in part (a)(i):\nETIRW\nIdentify the type of data produced by this measure of success. Justify your answer.\nTON\nOD ...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\n(iii) For the measure of success you suggested in part (a)(i): NI\nETIRW\nExplain one weakness of the type of data produced by this measure of success.\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:252)(cid:182)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/21/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:226)(cid:229)(cid:251)(cid:205)(cid:291)(cid:237)(cid:282)(cid:208)(cid:245)(cid:240)(cid:206)(cid:290)(cid:295)(cid:183)(cid:209)(cid:279)(cid:258) OD\n(cid" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-21-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-21-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:1)(cid:44)\n8 Chen is conducting a study that is similar to the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans). She\nSIHT\nhas asked a young person and an old person to act as ‘victims’. Each victim will appear to have\nNI difficulty climbing the step on to a bus. Chen will count how many old passengers and how many\nETIRW\nyoung passengers help each victim to climb the step.\nTON (a) Suggest two ways in which Chen’s study is similar to the study by Piliavin et al.\nOD\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................ SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n[2]\nOD\n(b) Suggest two ways in which Chen’s study is different from the study by Piliavin et al.\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW 2 ................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\n(c) Explain the sampling technique Chen is using.\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 11, 12 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-21-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-21-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-21-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n9 Tanya is investigating prosocial behaviour (this is positive, friendly behaviour between individuals).\nTON She is studying prosocial behaviours in children at her local school and will give a questionnaire to\nevery teacher in the school.\nOD\n(a) Describe how Tanya could conduct a study using a questionnaire for teachers to investigate a\nvariety of prosocial behaviours in children.\nNIGRAM\nDo not describe sample/sampling technique or ethical issues/guidelines in your answer .\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n....................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-22-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n1 In the study by Milgram the variable of ‘obedience’ was measured.\nTON\nDescribe the measure of obedience used.\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNI\nETIRW" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-22-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n2 (a) Explain one similarity and one dif ference between a positive correlation and a negative\nTON\ncorrelation.\nOD\nSimilarity ...................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nDifference .................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\n[2]\nOD\n(b) Describe one example of a correlation from the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy\npreferences).\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:249)(cid:184)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/22/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:229)(cid:212)(cid:250)(cid:209)(cid:285)(cid:276)(cid:294)(cid:216)(cid:243)(cid:260)(cid:297)(cid:261)(cid:217)(cid:242)(cid:185)(cid:296)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:229)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-22-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n3 In the study by Bandura et al. (aggression), details are not given about consent from the parents\nSIHT\nor the children.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) Explain what is meant by ‘informed consent’.\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT (b) Suggest how informed consent could have been obtained from the children in this study in a\nway that they would have understood.\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:251)(cid:184)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/22/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:229)(cid:211)(cid:249)(cid:217)(cid:299)(cid:272)(cid:278)(cid:225)(cid:261)(cid:237)(cid:224)(cid:209)(cid:225)(cid:230)(cid:185)(cid:280)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-22-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n4 Daniel used a sample of 20 participants in a laboratory experiment using a repeated measures\nSIHT\ndesign. He had two conditions:\n• NI listening to loud music\nETIRW • listening to quiet music.\nTON (a) Outline what is meant by a ‘repeated measures design’. Include an example from Daniel’ s\nstudy.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNI\nETIRW\n(b) (i) Outline what is meant by ‘counterbalancing’. Include an example from Daniel’s study.\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\n(ii) Explain one strength of a repeated measures design, other than the use of\ncounterbalancing. NI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:249)(cid:184)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/22/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:229)(cid:211)(cid:252)(cid:217)(cid:289)(cid:286)(cid:275)(cid:214)(cid:267)(cid:246)(cid:231)(cid:243)(cid:253)(cid:264)(cid:233)(cid:288)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-22-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n5 Describe the techniques of ‘paper and pencil’ questionnaires and ‘online’ questionnaires, using\nSIHT\nany example(s).\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:251)(cid:184)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/22/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:229)(cid:212)(cid:251)(cid:209)(cid:295)(cid:290)(cid:291)(cid:227)(cid:237)(cid:267)(cid:290)(cid:231)(cid:245)(cid:212)(cid:233)(cid:272)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-22-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-22-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n6 Mohsin is investigating whether colour af fects supermarket shoppers’ food choices. He is\nSIHT\ncomparing healthy and unhealthy snacks that are displayed in blue or green packaging. He\nNI spends two weeks conducting a field experiment.\nETIRW\nIn Week 1 he displays the following combination:\nTON • healthy snacks in blue packets\n• unhealthy snacks in blue packets.\nOD\nIn Week 2 he displays the following combination:\n• healthy snacks in green packets\n• unhealthy snacks in green packets.\nNIGRAM\nMohsin counts the number of each packet sold.\nSIHT\n(a) Identify the two independent variables (IVs) in Mohsin’s study.\nNI\nETIRW\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM [2]\n(b) Mohsin will continue his experiment for two more weeks. This is to be certain that only the\nSIHT\nindependent variables are affecting the dependent variable.\nNI\nETIRW (i) State the two other combinations that Mohsin should display in the additional weeks.\nIn one week he should display the following combination: TON\nOD\n• ......................................................................................................................................\n• .................................................................................................................................... .\nNIGRAM\nIn the other week he should display the following combination:\n• ......................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI • .................................................................................................................................... .\nETIRW\n[2]\nTON\n(ii) Explain why the two combinations that you stated in part (b)(i) would be useful.\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-22-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n7 Jenny has noticed that some of her school friends doodle and some do not doodle. This may be\nSIHT\nbecause some of her friends are more creative than others. She plans to explore this dif ference\nNI using a questionnaire.\nETIRW\n(a) (i) Write one closed question that Jenny could use to investigate the creativity of her friends.\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\n(ii) Write one open question that Jenny could use to investigate the creativity of her friends.\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nNI\nETIRW\n(b) Jenny’s friends study different subjects at school.\nTON\nSuggest why dif ferences between the subjects they study could also explain the differences\nOD in doodling.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nOD\n(c) Jenny wants to conduct an overt observation of her friends doodling. She wants to do this the\nday after they complete the questionnaire.\nNIGRAM\nSuggest why this may not produce valid results.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n......................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-22-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-22-q08-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-22-q08-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:44)\n8 Parul has conducted a study about happiness. She has counted the number of her colleagues\nSIHT\nwho are smiling when they arrive at work on Monday and on Friday. Fig. 8.1 shows a graph of her\nNI results.\nETIRW\n(a) Write axis headings for the x-axis and the y-axis on Fig. 8.1.\nTON\n16\nOD\n14\n12\n...................................... 10\nNIGRAM 8\n......................................\n6\n4 SIHT\n2\nNI\n0\nETIRW\nMonday Friday\nTON\n......................................\nOD\n......................................\nNIGRAM\nFig. 8.1\n[2]\nSIHT\n(b) Parul’s friend says that she should have conducted the study for more than one week.\nNI\nETIRW\nExplain one reason why it would have been better to have conducted the study for more than\none week.\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:219)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:249)(cid:181)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/22/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:229)(cid:211)(cid:250)(cid:206)(cid:295)(cid:252)(cid:288)(cid:208)(cid:248)(cid:241)(cid:276)(cid:293)(cid:225)(cid:275)(cid:273)(cid:280)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:229)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n10\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:1)(cid:44)\n(c) Parul counted the number of colleagues smiling but now thinks this may not have been the\nSIHT\nbest way to measure happiness.\nNI\nETIRW\n(i) Suggest one other way that Parul could have measured happiness.\nTON ...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n(ii) For the measure of happiness you suggested in part (c)(i): SIHT\nNI\nExplai" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 11, 12 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-22-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-22-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-22-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n9 Lixin is investigating the social behaviour of adults. He plans to observe adults in a town centre\nTON during their lunch break.\nOD\n(a) Describe how Lixin could conduct an observational study using a structured observation to\ninvestigate the social behaviour of adults in a town centre during their lunch break.\nDo not describe sample/sampling technique or ethical issues/guidelines in your answer .\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..............................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 1, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-23-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n1 Outline what is meant by the term ‘random sampling’.\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n.................................................................................................................................................... [1]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-23-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n2 In a laboratory experiment, the happiness of participants is being compared in two situations:\n• with other people\n• without other people. SIHT\nNI\nIdentify the dependent variable (DV) in this study. Justify your answer.\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM .................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-23-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\nSIHT\n3 In the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning), most of the data collected was quantitative. Some\nqualitative data was collected, including an initial observation that one elephant preferred to drink NI\nETIRW saline rather than water.\n(a) Define what is meant by ‘qualitative data’. TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Define what is meant by ‘quantitative data’. Include an example from the study by Fagen\net al.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/23/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:233)(cid:214)(cid:244)(cid:205)(cid:298)(cid:295)(cid:238)(cid:218)(cid:252)(cid:263)(cid:270)(cid:231)(cid:211)(cid:271)(cid:241)(cid:272)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-23-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n4 Studies in social psychology can use stooges or imagined people to cause participants to respond.\nSIHT\nNI (a) In the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans), stooges were used as ‘victims’.\nETIRW\nSuggest one way to improve the ecological validity of this study in relation to the victims.\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\n(b) In the study by Perry et al. (personal space) Experiment 1, responses to imagined people\nNI\nwere measured.\nETIRW\n(i) Suggest one reason why measuring responses to imagined people is more ethical than\nTON\nmeasuring responses to stooges.\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNI\nETIRW (ii) Suggest one reason why measuring responses to stooges is more practical than\nmeasuring responses to imagined people.\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:252)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/23/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:233)(cid:213)(cid:243)(cid:213)(cid:288)(cid:299)(cid:254)(cid:223)(cid:254)(cid:250)(cid:219)(cid:243)(cid:235)(cid:203)(cid:241)(cid:288)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-23-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n5 Pozzulo et al. (line-ups) calculated the mean number of correct identifications of human faces per\nSIHT\nchild.\nNI\nETIRW\nExplain how the researchers calculated this mean in this study.\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-23-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "SIHT\n6 Describe laboratory experiments and field experiments, using any example(s).\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2024 9990/23/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:233)(cid:213)(cid:242)(cid:213)(cid:294)(cid:281)(cid:267)(cid:220)(cid:260)(cid:241)(cid:212)(cid:209)(cid:263)(cid:297)(cid:289)(cid:280)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-23-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n7 Daiyu is conducting a case study about a seven-year-old child with autism. She is interested in the\nSIHT\nchild’s interactions with their family and other children.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) Suggest two techniques, other than interviews, that Daiyu could use in her case study to\ncollect data about the child. Justify your answers.\nTON\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\nNIGRAM (b) Suggest two pieces of information about the childs’ interactions that would be useful for Daiyu\nto collect in her case study. Justify your answers.\nSIHT\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ..................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-23-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n8 Hazel is conducting a study in a park to compare the behaviours of adults who have children with\nSIHT\nthem and adults who do not have children with them. She plans to record three behaviours of the\nNI adults: whistling, singing and shouting, rather than all actions that people perform.\nETIRW\n(a) Explain the type of observation that Hazel plans to use because she is only recording\nTON whistling, singing and shouting.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2] SIHT\nNI\n(b) Outline how Hazel could operationalise one of the three behaviours she plans to record.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n(c) Hazel had planned to be an overt observer, but a colleague has said she should be a covert\nobserver.\nNIGRAM\n(i) Suggest one reason why it would be more ethical to be an overt observ er than a covert\nobserver in this study.\nSIHT\n........................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n(ii) Suggest one reason why it would be more practical to be a covert observer than an overt\nNIGRAM\nobserver in this study.\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...........................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n........................................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-23-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-23-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\n9 Hudson is planning to correlate how much a person wants to sleep (sleepiness) and the amount of\nSIHT\ntime since their last meal. He will ask people to estimate the amount of time since their last meal,\nNI but he needs to find a way to measure sleepiness.\nETIRW\n(a) (i) Suggest one way that Hudson could measure sleepiness. Do not use an interview in\nyour answer. TON\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\n(ii) Explain one strength of the measure of sleepiness you suggested in part (a)(i). NI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNIGRAM\n(iii) Explain one weakness of the measure of sleepiness you suggested in part (a)(i).\nSIHT\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNI\n........................................................................................................................................... ETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n(b) Sketch a scatter graph, using the axes below, to show what the pattern of results would look\nlike if Hudson found a negative correlation. You must label the axes.\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................... TON\nOD\n......................................\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\n......................................\nNI\nETIRW ......................................\n[4] TON\n(cid:300)(cid:219)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:250)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2024 9990/23/O/N/24 (cid:300)(cid:233)(cid:214)(ci" }, { "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2024, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2024-Oct-Nov/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2024-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w24_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-23-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2024-on-23-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2024-on-23-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n10 Zeta notices that people respond in dif ferent ways to advertisements for products. People may\nTON find the advertisements funny , annoying and/or informative. She is interested in advertisements\nfor foods, vehicles and mobile phones.\nOD\n(a) Describe how Zeta could conduct a study using an interview to investigate the different ways\nthat people respond to advertisements for different products.\nNIGRAM\nDo not describe sample/sampling technique or ethical issues/guidelines in your answer .\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n......................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-m-12-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q01", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n1 In the study by Perry et al. (personal space), there were four types of ‘approaching figure’. One of\nTON these figures was a friend.\nOD\n(a) Identify one other ‘approaching figure’.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Outline what is meant by the term ‘empathy’.\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(c) Outline one conclusion from this study.\nNIGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-m-12-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q02", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "TON\nOD\n2 In the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans), some participants took part in formal\nmindfulness training. This included yoga, meditation and body scan.\n(a) Outline what happened during the ‘body scan’ part of the training in this study.\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOD\n(b) Explain one weakness of this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n............................................................................................................................................. [2] ETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:252)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/12/F/M/25 (cid:300)(cid:232)(cid:271)(cid:241)(cid:207)(cid:292)(cid:256)(cid:248)(cid:229)(cid:266)(cid:256)(cid:191)(cid:217)(cid:282)(cid:284)(cid:298)(cid:265)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-m-12-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q03", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n3 From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams):\nSIHT\nNI (a) One aim was to investigate whether eye movement patterns were related to the content of\nETIRW\ndreams.\nTON Outline one other aim of this study .\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNI\n(b) One feature of the sample was that there were nine participants.\nETIRW\nIdentify two other features of this sample.\nTON\nOD 1 .................................................................................................................................................\n2 .................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nNIGRAM\n(c) Suggest one application to everyday life using evidence from this study . Your suggestion\nmust be ethical.\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/12/F/M/25 (cid:300)(cid:232)(cid:272)(cid:242)(cid:215)(cid:294)(cid:260)(cid:264)(cid:212)(cid:240)(cid:241)(cid:266)(cid:253)(cid:290)(cid:192)(cid:298)(cid:249)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-m-12-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q04", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n4 In the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups), the participants were adults and children.\nSIHT\nNI Describe one result from the children in the target-absent line-ups. You must use data in your\nETIRW\nanswer.\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n.................................................................................................................................................... [3]\nETIRW\nTON" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-m-12-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q05", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON\n5 (a) Outline one assumption of the cognitive approach.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNI\nETIRW (b) Explain how the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test) supports the assumption you outlined\nin part (a).\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:252)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/12/F/M/25 (cid:300)(cid:232)(cid:272)(cid:243)(cid:215)(cid:288)(cid:242)(cid:257)(cid:231)(cid:242)(cid:250)(cid:257)(cid:223)(cid:190)(cid:286)(cid:250)(cid:257)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-m-12-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q06", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n6 (a) Outline what is meant by the term ‘shaping’. Include an example from the study by Fagen et al.\nSIHT\n(elephant learning) in your answer.\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nNI\n(b) Two friends, Tenzin and Ambar, are discussing the ethics of the study by Fagen et al. (elephant\nETIRW\nlearning).\nTON\nT enzin says the study is ethical, but Ambar says it is not ethical.\nOD\nOutline why you think either T enzin or Ambar is correct, using evidence from this study.\nThe friend who I think is correct is: ...........................................................................................\nNIGRAM\nbecause: ...................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n[4]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:25" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-m-12-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q07", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n7 From the study by Andrade (doodling):\nSIHT\nNI Describe the procedure for a participant who was in the doodling condition.\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-m-12-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-m-12-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q08", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n8 Your friend, Aditi, has read a newspaper story about a person on a bus who collapsed but did\nSIHT\nnot receive help from other bus passengers. The story did not contain any information about the\ncharacteristics of the victim. Aditi says that she cannot understand why the other passengers did NI\nETIRW not help the person who had collapsed.\nSuggest to Aditi why the other passengers did not help, using your knowledge of the study by TON\nPiliavin et al. (subway Samaritans).\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:250)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/12/F/M/25 (cid:300)(cid:232)(cid:272)(cid:244)(cid:212)(cid:292)(cid:278)(cid:251)(cid:218)(cid:259)(cid:246)(cid:173)(cid:283)(cid:190)(cid:219)(cid:210)(cid:257)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n7\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\nSection B\nSIHT\nNI Answer all questions.\nETIRW" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-m-12-q09-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q09", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n9 (a) Describe the sample used in the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences).\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n(b) Explain one similarity and one dif ference between the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy\npreferences) and one other study from the biological approach. Do not refer to the sample.\nNIGRAM\nSimilarity ...................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nDifference ................................................................................................................................. NI\nETIRW\n......................................................................................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-m-12-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-m-12-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-12-q10", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n10 Evaluate the study by Bandura et al. (aggression) in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses.\nSIHT\nAt least one of your evaluation points must be about generalisations from the sample.\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..............................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-m-22-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n1 (a) Outline what is meant by an overt observation.\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n(b) (i) Suggest one reason why an overt observation may be better than a covert observation.\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nOD\n(ii) Suggest one reason why an overt observation may not be better than a covert\nobservation.\nNIGRAM ...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n........................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nTON\nOD" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-m-22-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "TON\nOD\n2 Dr Bryan has been asked to investigate the ef fects of a new drug for people with a psychological\ndisorder. Each week, Dr Bryan’s patients visit him to receive the drug and to report their symptoms.\nExplain what makes this investigation a longitudinal study.\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [3]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:252)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/22/F/M/25 (cid:300)(cid:299)(cid:181)(cid:241)(cid:206)(cid:288)(cid:290)(cid:289)(cid:230)(cid:254)(cid:252)(cid:266)(cid:240)(cid:203)(cid:193)(cid:244)(cid:263)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-m-22-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n3 In the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans), two participants withdrew from the\nSIHT\nsample due to the MRI scan being uncomfortable.\nNI\nETIRW\nExplain why the withdrawal of these two participants could have reduced the validity of the study.\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-m-22-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "SIHT\n4 In studies in cognitive psychology , groups of participants are often given tests that produce\nNI\nnumerical data so that the groups can be compared.\nETIRW\n(a) Outline the most appropriate measure of central tendency to use for a maths test in which\nTON\neach question is equally difficult.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNI\nETIRW (b) In a study, the measures of central tendency from the maths tests of two groups of participants\ncould be compared.\nTON\nState the most appropriate type of graph to use for this data.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-m-22-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n5 In the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning), one way that data was collected about elephant\nSIHT\nlearning was the performance test.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) Suggest one way that the performance test could have lacked validity. Justify your answer.\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT (b) Suggest one way that the validity of the performance test could have been improved.\nNI\n................................................................................................................................................... ETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/22/F/M/25 (cid:300)(cid:299)(cid:182)(cid:242)(cid:214)(cid:298)(cid:286)(cid:273)(cid:211)(cid:252)(cid:261)(cid:191)(cid:236)(cid:179)(cid:277)(cid:244)(cid:247)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-m-22-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n6 Describe quantitative data and qualitative data, using any example(s).\nSIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\nSIHT" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 11, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-m-22-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-m-22-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "SIHT\n7 Jacinda, a factory manager , is planning a study about her workers’ interpersonal distance NI\nETIRW preferences.\n(a) Jacinda arranges the distance between workstations. In one section of the factory the TON\ndistance between the workstations is large, and in another section the distance between the\nOD\nworkstations is small.\n(i) Suggest two situational variables that should be controlled so that they are the same for\nthe two sections of the factory.\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:252)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/22/F/M/25 (cid:300)(cid:299)(cid:182)(cid:243)(cid:214)(cid:292)(cid:272)(cid:280)(cid:232)(cid:246)(cid:254)(cid:200)(cid:266)(cid:271)(cid:183)(cid:292)(cid:255)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n5\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n(ii) For each of your suggestions in part (a)(i):\nSIHT\nNI Explain why each situational variable would be relevant to Jacinda’s study.\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..................................................................................................................................... [4]\nOD\n" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-m-22-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n8 Dr Foster is conducting research about cognition using monkeys in a laboratory . He wants to\nSIHT\nprovide ethical housing for them, so will investigate which materials the monkeys prefer to sleep on\nNI inside their cages. The monkeys will be given two choices: leaves or paper.\nETIRW\n(a) (i) Suggest one ethical reason why it is important that the monkeys are comfortable in the\nTON environment in which they are housed when they are not being tested.\nOD\nDo not refer to the ethical guideline of ‘housing’.\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\n(ii) Suggest one methodological reason why it is important that the monkeys are comfortable SIHT\nin the environment in which they are tested.\nNI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nOD\n(b) Suggest one way to measure which material the monkeys prefer inside their cages.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(c) Identify two features that are important in the ‘housing’ guideline in relation to animal ethics. TON\nDo not refer to the materials inside an animal’s cage.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:250)(cid:182)(cid:254" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-m-22-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-m-22-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\n9 A psychologist is investigating whether there is relationship between happiness and exercise. He\nSIHT\nthinks that either:\nNI\nETIRW • being happier would make people exercise more\n• exercising more would make people happier\nTON • happiness and exercise are both affected by another variable.\nOD\n(a) Explain why it is better to use a correlation than an experiment for this investigation.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nETIRW\n(b) Suggest one way that exercise could be measured in this investigation.\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM (c) For the way of measuring exercise you suggested in part (b):\n(i) Suggest one strength of this way of measuring exercise.\nSIHT\n........................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n(ii) Suggest one weakness of this way of measuring exercise.\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:219)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "March", "session_code": "m", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-March/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-March/qp/9990_m25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-m-22-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-m-22-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-m-22-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n10 Dr Anand is interested in conversations that children aged 8 –10 years old have with their parents.\nHe wants to know about different features of these conversations, such as: TON\nOD\n• how long they talk for\n• what they talk about\n• how positive they feel about talking to each other.\nNIGRAM\nHe intends to study these conversations using structured interviews.\n(a) Describe how Dr Anand could use structured interviews to study conversations that 8 –10 year\nSIHT\nold children have with their parents.\nNI\nETIRW Do not describe sample/sampling technique or ethical issues/guidelines in your answer .\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n..............................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-mj-11-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q01", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 1 From the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning):\nOD\n(a) State the number of elephants that successfully passed the trunk‑wash test.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\n(b) (i) Identify the primary reinforcer used in this study.\n..................................................................................................................................... [1] SIHT\nNI\n(ii) Identify the secondary reinforcer used in this study.\nETIRW\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nTON\nOD (c) Outline the trained behaviour of ‘steady’ as used in this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n............................................................................................................................................. [2] NI\nETIRW" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-mj-11-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q02", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n2 In the study by Perry et al. (personal space), in Experiment 1 each participant took a computerised TON\ntest of comfortable interpersonal distance.\nOD\n(a) Outline the two possible ways that this computerised test could end for a participant.\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nSIHT\nNI (b) Explain one weakness of this study in relation to ethics.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n................................................................................................................................................... OD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2] NIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:249)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/11/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:232)(cid:274)(cid:249)(cid:211)(cid:291)(cid:292)(cid:283)(cid:211)(cid:242)(cid:252)(cid:240)(cid:259)(cid:223)(cid:231)(cid:186)(cid:241)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:229)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-mj-11-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q03", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n3 From the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia):\nSIHT\nNI (a) One aim was to investigate the role of disgust in a childhood phobia.\nETIRW\nOutline one other aim of this study .\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\n(b) The sample in the study was a boy with a phobia of buttons.\nNI\nETIRW\nIdentify two other features of the sample.\nTON\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nNIGRAM (c) Suggest one application to everyday life using evidence from this study . Your suggestion\nmust be ethical.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-mj-11-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q04", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "4 From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams):\nNIGRAM\nOutline one result about dream recall and stages of sleep. You must use data in your answer.\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [3]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:251)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/11/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:232)(cid:273)(cid:250)(cid:219)(cid:293)(cid:288)(cid:299)(cid:230)(cid:264)(cid:261)(cid:185)(cid:215)(cid:215)(cid:243)(cid:186)(cid:257)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-mj-11-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q05", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n5 (a) Outline one assumption of the biological approach.\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(b) Explain one reason why the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans) supports the\nNIGRAM\nassumption you outlined in part (a).\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-mj-11-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-mj-11-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q06", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "6 (a) Describe the psychology being investigated in the study by Pozzulo et al. (line‑ups).\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:249)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/11/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:232)(cid:273)(cid:251)(cid:219)(cid:287)(cid:270)(cid:286)(cid:209)(cid:266)(cid:254)(cid:178)(cid:245)(cid:251)(cid:209)(cid:234)(cid:249)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n5\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n(b) Two friends, Eric and Quinn, are discussing the validity of the study by Pozzulo et al.\nSIHT\n(line‑ups).\nNI\nETIRW\nEric says the study has validity , but Quinn says it does not have validity.\nTON Outline why you think either Eric or Quinn is correct, using evidence from this study .\nOD\nThe friend who I think is correct is: ...........................................................................................\nbecause: ...................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-mj-11-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q07", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "SIHT\n7 In the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences), each trial used a ‘plus hto’ y and a ‘wheeled ’ NI\nETIRW toy.\nDescribe the procedure for one trial. TON\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n.......................................................................................................................................................... OD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:251)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/11/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:232)(cid:274)(cid:252)(cid:211)(cid:297)(cid:274)(cid:270)(cid:232)(cid:240)(cid:243)(cid:247)(cid:225)(cid:259)(cid:261)(cid:234)(cid:265)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-mj-11-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q08", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n8 Your friend, Imelda, tells you about a problem with her child’s behaviour. Her child keeps taking all\nSIHT\nof his toys from where they are stored in a box and throwing them aggressively around the room.\nNI When she asks him to tidy the toys his only response is to shout. Imelda wants your advice on\nETIRW\nhow to improve her child’s behaviour.\nTON Outline the advice you would give to Imelda, using your knowledge of the study by Bandura et al.\n(aggression). Your advice must be ethical.\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nSection B\nNI\nETIRW Answer all questions.\nTON" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-mj-11-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-mj-11-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q09", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "TON\n9 (a) In the study by Andrade (doodling), the sample size was 40 participants.\nOD\nDescribe the sample of participants used in this study , other than the sample size of 40.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:251)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/11/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:232)(cid:273)(cid:252)(cid:208)(cid:291)(cid:250)(cid:280)(cid:224)(cid:251)(cid:258)(cid:254)(cid:193)(cid:251)(cid:296)(cid:258)(cid:249)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n7\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\n(b) Explain two differences between the study by Andrade (doodling) and one other study from\nSIHT\nthe cognitive approach. Do not refer to the sample of participants.\nNI\nETIRW\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT .................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-mj-11-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-mj-11-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-11-q10", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n10 Evaluate the study by Milgram (obedience) in terms oft wo strengths and two weaknesses.A t least\nSIHT\none of your evaluation points must be about the sampling technique used to recruit participants.\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-mj-12-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q01", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 1 In the study by Perry et al. (personal space), Experiment 2 used four coloured pictures of a room.\nIn these pictures there were several objects including a lamp and a clock.\nOD\n(a) Name one other object that was always in the pictures.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Outline how the participants were deceived in Experiment 2 of this study.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(c) Outline one result from Experiment 2 of this study in relation to the hormone oxytocin.\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2] TON\nOD" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-mj-12-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q02", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "OD\n2 From the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups):\n(a) Identify two features of the female used as a ‘human face target’.\nNIGRAM\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nNI [2]\nETIRW\n(b) Explain one strength of this study in relation to reliability.\nTON\n................................................................................................................................................... OD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... NIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:250)(cid:184)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/12/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:297)(cid:243)(cid:217)(cid:299)(cid:245)(cid:265)(cid:215)(cid:263)(cid:266)(cid:294)(cid:228)(cid:244)(cid:269)(cid:226)(cid:241)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-mj-12-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q03", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n3 From the study by Milgram (obedience):\nSIHT\nNI (a) Identify two features of the sample used in this study.\nETIRW\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n[2]\n(b) Outline one conclusion from this study.\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD (c) Suggest one application to everyday life using evidence from this study . Your suggestion\nmust be ethical.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-mj-12-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q04", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "TON\n4 From the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences):\nOD\nDescribe one result for toy preferences of the male monkeys. You must use data in your answer.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n.................................................................................................................................................... [3]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:252)(cid:184)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/12/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:298)(cid:244)(cid:209)(cid:285)(cid:249)(cid:249)(cid:226)(cid:241)(cid:247)(cid:227)(cid:248)(cid:268)(cid:201)(cid:226)(cid:257)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-mj-12-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q05", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n5 (a) Outline one assumption of the learning approach.\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(b) Explain one reason why the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia) supports the\nNIGRAM\nassumption you outlined in part (a).\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-mj-12-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-mj-12-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q06", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "6 (a) Outline what is meant by the term ‘positive reinforcement’. Include an example from the study\nNIGRAM by Fagen et al. (elephant learning) in your answer.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:250)(cid:184)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/12/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:298)(cid:241)(cid:209)(cid:295)(cid:267)(cid:240)(cid:213)(cid:239)(cid:240)(cid:236)(cid:214)(cid:232)(cid:299)(cid:178)(cid:249)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n5\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n(b) Two friends, Roksana and Tien, are discussing the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning)\nSIHT\nin terms of the individual and situational explanations for behaviour.\nNI\nETIRW\nRoksana says the study supports the individual explanation, but Tien says it supports the\nsituational explanation.\nTON\nOutline why you think either Roksana or Tien is correct, using evidence from the study.\nOD\nThe friend who I think is correct is: ...........................................................................................\nbecause: ...................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-mj-12-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q07", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "SIHT\n7 From the study by Bandura et al. (aggression): NI\nETIRW\nDescribe the procedure for the ‘Aggression Arousal’ part of this study.\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:252)(cid:184)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/12/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:297)(cid:242)(cid:217)(cid:289)(cid:263)(cid:256)(cid:228)(cid:265)(cid:257)(cid:285)(cid:258)(cid:208)(cid:175)(cid:178)(cid:265)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-mj-12-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q08", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n8 Your friend, Rosalia, tells you that she has recently begun to feel stressed, even though nothing in\nSIHT\nher life has changed. Rosalia wants your advice on how to help reduce her level of stress.\nNI\nETIRW\nOutline the advice you would give to Rosalia, using your knowledge of the study by Hölzel et al.\n(mindfulness and brain scans).\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nNIGRAM\nSection B\nSIHT\nAnswer all questions.\nNI\nETIRW" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-mj-12-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-mj-12-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q09", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n9 From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans):\nTON\n(a) Describe the two victims used in this study.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:252)(cid:181)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/12/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:298)(cid:242)(cid:214)(cid:299)(cid:287)(cid:262)(cid:236)(cid:254)(cid:244)(cid:280)(cid:290)(cid:232)(cid:206)(cid:282)(cid:249)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n7\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\n(b) Explain two differences between the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans) and the\nSIHT\nstudy by Perry et al. (personal space). One of your dif ferences must be about the sample of\nNI participants.\nETIRW\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n....................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-mj-12-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-mj-12-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-12-q10", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n10 Evaluate the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test) in terms of two strengths and two\nSIHT\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points must be about quantitative data.\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.........................................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-mj-13-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q01", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 1 From the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning):\nOD\n(a) State the number of elephants used in this study.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Identify two criteria used to select the elephants in this study.\n1 ................................................................................................................................................ SIHT\nNI\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n[2]\nTON\n(c) Elephants were trained to do a number of behavioural tasks including ‘trunk here’.\nOD\nOutline the ‘trunk here’ task.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-mj-13-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q02", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "TON\n2 In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams), an EEG (electroencephalogram) was\nOD\nused.\n(a) Outline where on each participant’s body the EEG electrodes were attached.\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\n(b) Explain one weakness of this study in relation to validity. OD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... NIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:252)(cid:184)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/13/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:235)(cid:279)(cid:244)(cid:209)(cid:289)(cid:280)(cid:288)(cid:235)(cid:264)(cid:257)(cid:173)(cid:210)(cid:176)(cid:270)(cid:250)(cid:242)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-mj-13-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q03", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n3 From the study by Bandura et al. (aggression):\nSIHT\nNI (a) One aim was to investigate whether children would reproduce the aggression shown by a\nETIRW\nmodel when that model is no longer there.\nTON Outline one other aim of this study .\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNI\n(b) Identify two features of the sample in this study.\nETIRW\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD 2 ................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\n(c) Suggest one application to everyday life using evidence from this study . Your suggestion\nNIGRAM must be ethical.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nOD" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-mj-13-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q04", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "4 In Experiment 1 in the study by Perry et al. (personal space), participants were given oxytocin\n(OT) or a placebo (PL).\nNIGRAM\nDescribe one result from the high empathy OT condition that compares two approaching figures.\nYou must use data in your answer.\nSIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n.......................................................................................................................................................... OD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [3]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:250)(cid:184)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/13/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:235)(cid:280)(cid:243)(cid:217)(cid:295)(cid:284)(cid:272)(cid:206)(cid:242)(cid:240)(cid:252)(cid:262)(cid:200)(cid:202)(cid:250)(cid:258)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-mj-13-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q05", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n5 (a) Outline one assumption of the social approach.\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(b) Explain one reason why the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans) supports the\nNIGRAM\nassumption you outlined in part (a).\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-mj-13-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-mj-13-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q06", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "6 (a) Describe the psychology being investigated in the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy\nNIGRAM preferences).\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:252)(cid:184)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/13/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:235)(cid:280)(cid:242)(cid:217)(cid:285)(cid:298)(cid:281)(cid:233)(cid:240)(cid:247)(cid:243)(cid:232)(cid:300)(cid:300)(cid:298)(cid:250)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n5\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n(b) Two friends, Madison and Zach, are discussing the validity of the study by Hassett et al.\nSIHT\n(monkey toy preferences).\nNI\nETIRW\nMadison says the study has validity , but Zach says it does not have validity.\nTON Outline why you think either Madison or Zach is correct, using evidence from the study .\nOD\nThe friend who I think is correct is: ...........................................................................................\nbecause: ...................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD .........................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-mj-13-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q07", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\nSIHT\n7 In the study by Milgram (obedience), a shock generator was used. It consisted of 30 lever switches\nin a horizontal line. NI\nETIRW\nDescribe the shock generator used in this study, other than these features.\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [5]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:250)(cid:184)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/13/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:235)(cid:279)(cid:241)(cid:209)(cid:299)(cid:294)(cid:297)(cid:208)(cid:266)(cid:266)(cid:182)(cid:244)(cid:276)(cid:176)(cid:298)(cid:266)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-mj-13-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q08", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n8 Your friend, Alfonso, is finding it difficult to concentrate at school. He tells you that his concentration\nSIHT\nis worse when he is bored. He has come to you for advice about ways to help him improv e his\nNI concentration.\nETIRW\nOutline the advice you would give to Alfonso, using your knowledge of the study by Andrade\nTON (doodling).\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nNIGRAM\nSection B\nSIHT\nAnswer all questions. NI\nETIRW" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-mj-13-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-mj-13-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q09", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n9 (a) Describe the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) used in the study by Hölzel et al. TON\n(mindfulness and brain scans).\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:250)(cid:181)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/13/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:235)(cid:280)(cid:241)(cid:206)(cid:289)(cid:254)(cid:291)(cid:216)(cid:253)(cid:251)(cid:191)(cid:276)(cid:300)(cid:205)(cid:194)(cid:250)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n7\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\n(b) Explain one similarity and one difference between the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and\nSIHT\nbrain scans) and one other study from the biological approach. Do not refer to questionnaires.\nNI\nETIRW\nSimilarity ...................................................................................................................................\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ........................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-mj-13-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-mj-13-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-13-q10", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n10 Evaluate the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia) in terms of two strengths and two\nSIHT\nweaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points must be about subjective data.\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n1 (a) Describe what is meant by a questionnaire.\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\n(b) Explain one practical strength of using a questionnaire.\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n2 The study by Bandura et al. (aggression) provides no information about whether or not consent\nSIHT\nwas obtained from the participants.\nNI\nETIRW (a) Outline what is meant by ‘consent’.\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n(b) Suggest why obtaining consent would have been important in this study.\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:252)(cid:184)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/21/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:287)(cid:190)(cid:252)(cid:215)(cid:300)(cid:264)(cid:295)(cid:211)(cid:240)(cid:258)(cid:264)(cid:262)(cid:217)(cid:218)(cid:300)(cid:247)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n3 In the study by Milgram, obedience was tested. Participants with a range of dif ferent occupations\nSIHT\nand ages were used to improve generalisability.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) Suggest one reason why using participants with dif ferent occupations could be important to\nMilgram’s test of obedience. Use an example in your answer.\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\n(b) Suggest one reason why using participants with different ages could be important to Milgrams’\nNI\ntest of obedience. Use an example in your answer.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\nSIHT\n4 In the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test), the ages of all participants were known. The mean\nand standard deviation of the ages of the participants in Groups 1 and 3 are shown in Table 4.1. NI\nETIRW\nTable 4.1\nTON\nGroup Mean Standard deviation\nOD\nGroup 1 (AS/HFA adults) 29.7 14.5\nGroup 3 (Students) 20.8 0.8\nNIGRAM\n(a) State what the means show about the ages of the two groups.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nTON (b) State what the standard deviations show about the ages of the two groups.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:250)(cid:184)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/21/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:287)(cid:189)(cid:251)(cid:207)(cid:286)(cid:268)(cid:279)(cid:230)(cid:266)(cid:239)(cid:193)(cid:210)(cid:225)(cid:254)(cid:300)(cid:263)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n5 Explain one ethical weakness of the case study research method. Do not use consent in your\nSIHT\nanswer.\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n6 Describe opportunity sampling and random sampling, using any example(s).\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:252)(cid:184)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/21/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:287)(cid:189)(cid:250)(cid:207)(cid:296)(cid:250)(cid:274)(cid:209)(cid:264)(cid:248)(cid:202)(cid:244)(cid:253)(cid:224)(cid:252)(cid:239)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n7 Dr Smith wants to compare how easily two species of animal learn to press a lever to receive\nSIHT\nfood.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) (i) Suggest one way that Dr Smith could produce a quantitative measure of how easily the\nanimals learn.\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\n(ii) The two species are very similar, but one is bigger than the other.\nNI\nETIRW\nFor the way that you suggested for measuring how easily the animals learn in part (a)(i):\nExplain whether this would be valid for both species.\nTON\nOD ...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\n(b) Draw the axes for a graph that could be used to show the results of Dr Smith’ s study using NI\nETIRW the measure of learning that you suggested in part (a)(i). You must label the axes.\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\n[3] ETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:250)(cid:184)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/21/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:287)(cid:190)(cid:249)(cid:215)(cid:290)(cid:246)(cid:290)(cid:232)(cid:242)(cid:265)(cid:255)(cid:232)(cid:245)(cid:252)(cid:252)(cid:255)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n6\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n(c) Suggest how Dr Smith could follow one ethical guideline in relation to animals, other than\nSIHT\n‘species’.\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON ............................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n8 Josie is collecting data from other students in her class to test the hypothesis ‘There is a\nrelationship between tidiness of classwork and enjoyment of lessons’. SIHT\nNI\n(a) Josie will use one of these measures of tidiness:\nETIRW\n• look at the work herself and decide whether each student’s work is tidy or not\nTON\n• ask the student to rate the tidiness of their work on a scale of 0 (untidy) to 5 (very tidy).\nOD\n(i) Explain one problem about validity or reliability that Josie could have with one of her\nmeasures of tidiness.\nNIGRAM ...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n........................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nTON\n(ii) Explain one problem about ethics that Josie could have with one of her measures of\nOD\ntidiness.\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nETIRW\n(b) The hypothesis that Josie is testing is correlational.\nTON\nExplain which one of the measures of tidiness in part (a) is not suitable for Josie to use in her OD\ncorrelation.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n............................................................................................................................................. [2] ETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:250)(cid:181)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/21/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:287)(cid:189)(cid:249)(cid:220)(cid:300)(cid:270)(cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:245)(cid:252)(cid:246)(cid:200)(cid:253)(cid:281)(cid:212)(cid:239)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n9 Dr Gao is planning a longitudinal study about changes in reading habits. She will study the same\nSIHT\ngroup of participants from childhood, through adolescence and into adulthood.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) Dr Gao will need to contact her participants at regular intervals.\nTON (i) Dr Gao is deciding how often to test her participants, and is considering:\nOD\n• weekly\n• yearly.\nExplain which of these intervals is the most suitable for Dr Gao’s study.\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nNI\nETIRW\n(ii) Suggest how Dr Gao could contact her participants during the study.\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\n(iii) Suggest two problems that Dr Gao may have when trying to contact her participants at\nNIGRAM regular intervals.\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n........................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n[2]\n(b) A colleague, Dr Roberts, says that the study could be conducted by comparing participants of\ndifferent ages at one point in time.\nNIGRAM\nSuggest one advantage of Dr Roberts’ idea, compared to Dr Gao’ s plan for a longitudinal\nstudy.\nSIHT\nDo not refer to contacting participants in your answer .\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:250)(cid:181)(cid:256)(cid" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-21-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-21-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n10 Dr Miller is researching factors that af fect how well people sleep. He wants to know whether\nTON creative activities (such as art, music or dance) help people to sleep well.\nOD\n(a) Describe how Dr Miller could conduct an experiment using an independent measures design\nto investigate whether creative activities help people to sleep well.\nDo not describe sample/sampling technique or ethical issues/guidelines in your answer .\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n.................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-22-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Explain how the independent variable (IV) was operationalised in the study by Andrade (doodling). 1\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-22-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences), some of the data was displayed on 2\ngraphs. This included a comparison of time spent playing with different types of toys by males and\nfemales.\nName the type of graph used to display this data. (a)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nExplain why this graph was a suitable way to display this data. (b)\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n© UCLES 2025 9990/22/M/J/25" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-22-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In the study by Milgram, two types of data were collected to demonstrate obedience. One example 3\nof each type was:\n• voltage reached when the participant refused to continue\n• comments from the participants.\nFor the example of ‘voltage reached when the participant refused to continue’: (a)\nIdentify this type of data. (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nState the highest voltage at which participants obeyed. (ii) all\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nFor the example of ‘comments from the participants’: (b)\nIdentify this type of data. (i)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nOutline of the comments made by a participant in this study. (ii) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSuggest strength of each type of data in this study. (c) one\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/22/M/J/25" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 1, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-22-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In a study of learning, animals are taught to drop a small object into a hole. 4\nSuggest how ‘learning’ could be operationalised in this study.\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [1]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-22-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "In some studies, scientific equipment is used to measure variables, such as brain activity or eye 5\nmovements.\nSuggest weaknesses of using scientific equipment to measure variables. two\n1 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n2 .......................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n[4]\n© UCLES 2025 9990/22/M/J/25" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-22-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Describe order effects, using any example(s). 6\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/22/M/J/25" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-22-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-22-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Inma is observing one student at a time in the playground, to investigate how often each individual 7\ntalks to other students. Inma is concerned about two uncontrolled variables:\n• a student being observed when few other students are present\n• a student with a headache may talk less.\nExplain which of these is a participant variable. (a) (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSuggest how Inma could limit the effect of the participant variable. (ii)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain which of these is a situational variable. (b) (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSuggest how Inma could limit the effect of the situational variable. (ii)\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n© UCLES 2025 9990/22/M/J/25\n7\nInma is also concerned about the effect of social desirability on her results. (c)\nSuggest way that social desirability could affect Inma’s results. (i) one\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSuggest how Inma might red" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-22-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Kong is interviewing people about friendliness. He tells his participants his study is about how they 8\nspend their free time. Kong uses two measures of friendliness:\n• timing the duration of eye contact between himself and each participant\n• asking the question, ‘Are you excited or scared at parties?’\nState which measure of central tendency Kong should use to analyse his data from (a) (i)\ntiming the duration of eye contact.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nState which measure of central tendency Kong should use to analyse his data from (ii)\nasking participants, ‘Are you excited or scared at parties?’\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nKong’s friend says that both of his measures of friendliness could be unethical, but for different (b)\nreasons.\nExplain reason why timing the duration of eye contact could break ethical (i) one one\nguideline.\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nExplain reason why asking participants, ‘Are you excited or scared at parties?’ could (ii) one\nbreak ethical guideline. one\nYou use a different ethical guideline from your answer to part (b)(i). must\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nKong will use opportunity sampling. (c)\nOutline what is meant by ‘opportunity sampling’, using Kong’s study as an example.\n...................................................................................................................................................\n........................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-22-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-22-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dr Shaw is planning a questionnaire about early childhood memories. 9\nThere are techniques for presenting a questionnaire to participants. (a) two\nIdentify the techniques. two\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nFor of the questionnaire techniques that you identified in part (a): (b) one\nSuggest reason why this would be appropriate for Dr Shaw to use. one\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n[Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/22/M/J/25\n10\nSection B\nAnswer questions. all" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-22-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-22-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-22-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "Dr Brent works in a busy hospital. There are noises from equipment and people on the wards. He 10\nthinks there might be a link between two variables:\n• how noisy wards are\n• the quality of patients’ sleep.\nDescribe how Dr Brent could conduct a study to investigate whether there is a correlation (a)\nbetween how noisy wards are and the quality of patients’ sleep.\nDo describe sample / sampling technique or ethical issues / guidelines in your answer. not\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n1 (a) Outline the ethical guideline of ‘confidentiality’.\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n(b) Explain one way that the ethical guideline of confidentiality was followed in the study by\nNIGRAM\nDement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams).\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "2 Cognitive psychologists sometimes study people’s recall of past events.\nNIGRAM\n(a) Outline what is meant by ‘subjectivity’.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n(b) Suggest how subjectivity could be a problem when studying people’s recall of past events. TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/23/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:291)(cid:197)(cid:250)(cid:215)(cid:288)(cid:271)(cid:276)(cid:235)(cid:255)(cid:241)(cid:196)(cid:238)(cid:294)(cid:268)(cid:244)(cid:247)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n3 A study tested the relationship between average number of hours of sleep per night and physical\nSIHT\nhealth. The participants slept in their own homes. The results showed a positive correlation.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) Sketch a graph to show the results of this study. You must label the axes.\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\n....................................................\nETIRW\n....................................................\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\n.................................................... TON\nOD\n....................................................\n[3]\n(b) Suggest two problems with collecting data about the number of hours of sleep in this study. NIGRAM\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI [4]\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:252)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/23/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:291)(cid:198)(cid:249)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:275)(cid:292)(cid:206)(cid:249)(cid:256)(cid:261)(cid:234)(cid:270)(cid:208)(cid:244)(cid:263)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n4 An investigation is testing the hypothesis that, ‘intelligence affects obedience’.\nSIHT\nNI State whether this is a directional or a non-directional hypothesis. Justify your answer.\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n5 In the study by Bandura et al. (aggression), a sample of children was recruited from a university SIHT\nnursery. The sampling technique is not stated.\nNI\nETIRW\nSuggest why Bandura et al. may not have used volunteer sampling.\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "SIHT\n6 Describe structured interviews and semi-structured interviews, using any example(s). NI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT .................................................................................................................................................... [6]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/23/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:291)(cid:198)(cid:252)(cid:207)(cid:292)(cid:289)(cid:293)(cid:233)(cid:247)(cid:263)(cid:254)(cid:268)(cid:178)(cid:238)(cid:292)(cid:239)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 8, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n7 Dr Jones is conducting a case study of a man, Kevan, who has been practising mindfulness for\nSIHT\n10 years.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) Suggest two questions that Dr Jones could use in a self-report (questionnaire or interview)\nthat would investigate different features of Kevan’s mindfulness.\nTON\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT [2]\nNI\n(b) Dr Jones wants to investigate whether Kevan has changed in any ways that could be linked\nETIRW\nto his mindfulness. He plans to interview Kevan’s friends.\nTON\n(i) Suggest two changes in Kevan that his friends could observe. These changes must be\nOD behavioural, emotional or cognitive.\n1 ........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ...........................................................................................................................................\n2 ........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n........................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW [2]\n(ii) Explain why one of the changes that you suggested in part (b)(i) would be dif ficult to TON\ninvestigate.\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:252)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/23/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:291)(cid:197)(cid:251)(cid:215)(cid:294)(cid:285)(cid:277)(cid:208)(cid:257)(cid:250)(cid:203)(cid:208)(cid:202)(cid:234)(cid:292)(cid:255)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:2" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\n8 Dr Mohan has proposed a study using monkeys in a laboratory. A colleague has two suggestions\nSIHT\nto make the study more ethical:\nNI\nETIRW • suggestion 1: using animals which have less complex brains\n• suggestion 2: using videos of the animals’ behaviour in their natural habitat.\nTON\n(a) Explain why suggestion 1 would make Dr Mohan’s study more ethical.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNI\nETIRW\n(b) Explain why suggestion 2 would make Dr Mohan’s study more ethical.\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:219)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:250)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/23/M/J/25 (cid:300)(cid:291)(cid:197)(cid:252)(cid:212)(cid:298)(cid:265)(cid:287)(cid:225)(cid:244)(cid:246)(cid:247)(cid:300)(cid:202)(cid:271)(cid:204)(cid:255)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 11, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q09-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q09-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n9 Kioni is conducting a longitudinal study. Her aim is to study changes in preferred personal space\nSIHT\nthroughout her participants’ lives.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) Kioni is deciding how frequently throughout her participants’ lives she should test them.\nTON Suggest a suitable frequency for Kioni to use to test her participants throughout their lives.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Suggest one way for Kioni to re-contact her participants each time she needs to test them.\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(c) (i) Describe one way that Kioni could measure personal space.\nNIGRAM ...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n........................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nTON\n(ii) For the way you described in part (c)(i):\nOD\nSuggest one strength of measuring personal space in this way.\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:252)(cid:182)(cid:256)(cid:21" }, { "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "May/June", "session_code": "mj", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-May-June/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-May-June/qp/9990_s25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-mj-23-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-mj-23-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n10 Isla is a teacher . She thinks that allowing students to play with an object in class will improv e\nTON attention. Isla is unsure whether it will be better to play with a pen or play with a dif ferent object\nthat is not used for writing.\nOD\n(a) Describe how Isla could conduct an experiment to test whether attention is better if students\ncan play with a pen or play with an object that is not used for writing.\nNIGRAM\nDo not describe sample / sampling technique or ethical issues / guidelines in your answer .\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q01", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 1 In the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences), an example of a toy in the ‘wheeled’\ncategory was a car.\nOD\n(a) Identify one other toy that was in the ‘wheeled’ category.\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Outline what was meant by the behaviour ‘drag’ as used in this study.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(c) Outline what is meant by the term ‘socialisation’.\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2] TON\nOD" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q02-p01.png", "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q02", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "OD\n2 From the study by Milgram (obedience):\n(a) One conclusion from the study was that when a person’ s responsibility is taken from them,\nNIGRAM\nthey are willing to harm someone else.\nOutline one other conclusion from this study.\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n................................................................................................................................................... OD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:249)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/11/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:236)(cid:279)(cid:243)(cid:217)(cid:297)(cid:241)(cid:240)(cid:216)(cid:265)(cid:241)(cid:259)(cid:204)(cid:283)(cid:236)(cid:282)(cid:250)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:229)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n3\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n(b) Explain one strength of this study.\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q03", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n3 From the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning):\n(a) The ‘capture technique’ was used in the training of the elephants. SIHT\nNI\nOutline what is meant by the ‘capture technique’ as used in this study.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(b) Outline one result about the mean success rate for the ‘trunk wash’ task over time.\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:251)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/11/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:236)(cid:280)(cid:244)(cid:209)(cid:287)(cid:237)(cid:256)(cid:225)(cid:239)(cid:256)(cid:198)(cid:272)(cid:291)(cid:240)(cid:282)(cid:266)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q04", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n4 From the study by Perry et al. (personal space):\nSIHT\nNI Describe the procedure of one trial for Experiment 1 from when the fix ation point appeared until\nETIRW\nthe end of the trial.\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD .................................................................................................................................................... [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q05", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "5 From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test):\nNIGRAM\n(a) The Group 1 sample consisted of 15 participants who were all male.\nSIHT\nIdentify two other features of the Group 1 sample.\nNI\nETIRW 1 ................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................ TON\n[2]\nOD\n(b) Explain one strength of the revised eyes test.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:249)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/11/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:236)(cid:280)(cid:241)(cid:209)(cid:293)(cid:255)(cid:265)(cid:214)(cid:241)(cid:263)(cid:189)(cid:174)(cid:191)(cid:206)(cid:266)(cid:242)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q06", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n6 (a) In the background to their study, Pozzulo et al. (line-ups) outlined the role of social factors in\nSIHT\nidentification errors made by children.\nNI\nETIRW\nOutline the role of social factors in these errors.\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nETIRW\n(b) Two friends, Doris and Tony, are discussing the ethics of the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups).\nTON\nOD Doris says the study is ethical, but Tony says it is not ethical.\nOutline why you think either Doris or Tony is correct, using evidence from the study.\nNIGRAM The friend who I think is correct is ............................................................................................\nbecause: ...................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q07", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n7 The debate about individual and situational ex planations relates to the study by Piliavin et al.\nSIHT\n(subway Samaritans).\nNI\nETIRW\nOutline what is meant by this debate, including one example from the indiv idual explanation and\none example from the situational explanation, each from the study by Piliavin et al.\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q08", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM 8 Your friend, Pavel, is complaining that he cannot relax. He tells you that his job is stressful. He has\ncome to you for advice on how to relax.\nSIHT\nUsing your knowledge of the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans):\nNI\nETIRW (a) Outline the advice you would give to Pavel.\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n............................................................................................................................................. [4] OD\n(b) Explain one reason for one piece of advice you outlined in part (a).\n................................................................................................................................................... NIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:251)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/11/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:236)(cid:280)(cid:242)(cid:214)(cid:297)(cid:299)(cid:243)(cid:235)(cid:260)(cid:267)(cid:241)(cid:266)(cid:191)(cid:299)(cid:226)(cid:242)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n7\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\nSection B\nSIHT\nNI Answer all questions.\nETIRW" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q09", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 9 (a) From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams):\nOD\nDescribe how the EEG (electroencephalogram) was used in this study .\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:219)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:249)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/11/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:236)(cid:279)(cid:241)(cid:206)(cid:287)(cid:295)(cid:259)(cid:206)(cid:246)(cid:246)(cid:184)(cid:206)(cid:183)(cid:175)(cid:226)(cid:258)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n8\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n(b) Explain two similarities between the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) and\nSIHT\none other study from the biological approach. Do not refer to brain measurement techniques.\nNI\nETIRW\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..............................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "11", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_11.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-on-11-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-11-q10", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:44)\n10 Evaluate the study by Bandura et al. (aggression) in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses.\nSIHT\nAt least one of your evaluation points must be about ethics.\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n....." }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-on-12-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q01", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 1 From the study by Milgram (obedience):\nOD\n(a) State the number of participants who pressed the maximum shock level switch (450 volts).\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\n(b) One example of a sign of tension shown by the participants in this study was nervous laughte. r\nIdentify two other signs of tension shown by the participants. SIHT\nNI\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD 2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nNIGRAM\n(c) Before the study , fourteen psychology students from Yale University were told about the\nprocedure of the study.\nSIHT\nOutline what these students were asked to predict about the study . NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:249)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/12/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:298)(cid:243)(cid:207)(cid:294)(cid:275)(cid:246)(cid:206)(cid:247)(cid:264)(cid:286)(cid:201)(cid:190)(cid:239)(cid:202)(cid:258)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-on-12-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q02", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n2 From the study by Bandura et al. (aggression):\nSIHT\nNI (a) One conclusion was that boys are more likely to imitate aggressive behaviour than girls.\nETIRW\nOutline one other conclusion from this study .\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\n(b) Outline one weakness of this study in relation to the sample of participants.\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-on-12-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q03", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n3 In the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans), there were:\nSIHT\n• models\n• victims (acting drunk or acting ill). NI\nETIRW\n(a) Identify two features of the models used in this study.\nTON\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nSIHT\nNI (b) Outline one result in relation to the victim acting drunk before any model gave help.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n................................................................................................................................................... OD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2] NIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:251)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/12/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:297)(cid:244)(cid:215)(cid:292)(cid:271)(cid:262)(cid:235)(cid:257)(cid:249)(cid:235)(cid:269)(cid:182)(cid:235)(cid:202)(cid:242)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-on-12-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q04", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n4 Describe how Hassett et al. followed ethical guidelines in relation to animals in their study about\nSIHT\nmonkey toy preferences.\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nTON\nOD" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-on-12-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q05", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "OD\n5 From the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans):\n(a) ‘Acting with awareness’ was a factor measured by the ‘Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire’.\nNIGRAM\nOutline what is meant by ‘acting with awareness’ in this study.\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(b) Outline one strength of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire as used in this study.\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:249)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/12/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:297)(cid:241)(cid:215)(cid:298)(cid:285)(cid:259)(cid:208)(cid:255)(cid:242)(cid:228)(cid:175)(cid:282)(cid:265)(cid:218)(cid:266)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-on-12-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q06", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n6 (a) In the background to their study, Perry et al. outlined how biological factors affect interpersonal\nSIHT\ndistance (personal space) preferences.\nNI\nETIRW\nOutline how biological factors af fect interpersonal distance (personal space) preferences.\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nETIRW\n(b) Two friends, Alexandre and Derek are discussing the ethics of the study by Perry et al.\nTON\n(personal space).\nOD\nAlexandre says the study is ethical, but Derek says it is not ethical.\nOutline one reason why Alexandre is correct and one reason why Derek is correct.\nNIGRAM\nAlexandre .................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\nDerek ........................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n[4]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:251)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/12/" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-on-12-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q07", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n7 The debate about individual and situational explanations relates to the study by Dement and\nSIHT\nKleitman (sleep and dreams).\nNI\nETIRW\nOutline what is meant by this debate, including one example from the indiv idual explanation and\none example from the situational explanation from the study by Dement and Kleitman.\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:251)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/12/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:297)(cid:242)(cid:212)(cid:294)(cid:265)(cid:249)(cid:225)(cid:238)(cid:238)(cid:272)(cid:267)(cid:282)(cid:176)(cid:242)(cid:266)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-on-12-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-on-12-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q08", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\n8 Carole, a language teacher , has noticed that her students have dif ficulty concentrating when\nSIHT\nlistening to a recording of people talking in a second language. Her students have dif ficulty\nNI recalling the information from this recording. Carole needs to help her students and has com e to\nETIRW\nyou for advice.\nTON Using your knowledge of the study by Andrade (doodling):\nOD\n(a) Outline the advice you would give to Carole.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ............................................................................................................................................. [4]\n(b) Explain one reason for one piece of advice you outlined in part (a).\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:219)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:249)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/12/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:298)(cid:241)(cid:220)(cid:292)(cid:261)(cid:265)(cid:216)(cid:268)(cid:259)(cid:217)(cid:207)(cid:290)(cid:300)(cid:242)(cid:250)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-on-12-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-on-12-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q09", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 9 From the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia):\nOD\n(a) Describe the participant used in this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:251)(cid:182)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/12/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:298)(cid:244)(cid:220)(cid:298)(cid:247)(cid:256)(cid:227)(cid:262)(cid:268)(cid:210)(cid:237)(cid:190)(cid:202)(cid:290)(cid:258)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n9\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:44)\n(b) Explain one similarity and one dif ference between the study by Saavedra and Silverman\nSIHT\n(button phobia) and the study by Bandura et al. (aggression). Do not refer to sampling in your\nNI answer.\nETIRW\nSimilarity ...................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "12", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 10, 11 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_12.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-on-12-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-on-12-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-12-q10", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:1)(cid:44)\n10 Evaluate the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups) in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses.\nSIHT\nAt least one of your evaluation points must be about ecological validity.\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q01", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 1 From the study by Andrade (doodling):\nOD\n(a) Outline how the participants were recruited in this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nETIRW\n(b) Identify two features of the piece of paper given to the participants in the doodling condition.\nTON\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2] SIHT\nNI\n(c) Identify how recall of incidental information was measured.\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nTON\nOD" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q02", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "OD\n2 From the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans):\n(a) One conclusion was that, in a natural setting, people do offer spontaneous help to a victim in\nneed.\nNIGRAM\nOutline one other conclusion from this study .\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(b) Outline one ethical weakness of this study.\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:251)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/13/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:295)(cid:252)(cid:212)(cid:297)(cid:256)(cid:253)(cid:217)(cid:268)(cid:252)(cid:201)(cid:202)(cid:182)(cid:289)(cid:282)(cid:266)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q03", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n3 The study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences) used a sample of male and female monkeys.\nSIHT\nNI (a) Identify two features of the sample used in this study, other than sex and species.\nETIRW\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n[2]\nSIHT (b) Describe one result for the toy preferences of female monkeys in this study.\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q04", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n4 From the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups):\nSIHT\nDescribe how the cartoon foils were selected.\nNI\nETIRW ..........................................................................................................................................................\n.......................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:224)(cid:249)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/13/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:296)(cid:251)(cid:220)(cid:287)(cid:260)(cid:237)(cid:224)(cid:238)(cid:261)(cid:256)(cid:270)(cid:190)(cid:181)(cid:282)(cid:250)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Social approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-social", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-social/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q05", "html": "9990-as-social/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n5 From the study by Perry et al. (personal space):\nSIHT\nNI (a) One feature of the sample was that it consisted of only male participants.\nETIRW\nIdentify two other features of the sample used in the study .\nTON\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2] SIHT\nNI\n(b) Explain one weakness of using animations in Experiment 1 in this study.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ............................................................................................................................................. [2]" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q06-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q06-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q06", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\nSIHT\n6 (a) In the background to their study, Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia) outlined the role of\ndisgust in childhood phobias. NI\nETIRW\nOutline the role of disgust in childhood phobias.\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:251)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/13/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:296)(cid:250)(cid:220)(cid:293)(cid:242)(cid:252)(cid:219)(cid:244)(cid:254)(cid:263)(cid:176)(cid:290)(cid:279)(cid:266)(cid:258)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n5\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n(b) Two friends, Hannah and Josh, are discussing the generalisability of the study by Saavedra\nSIHT\nand Silverman (button phobia).\nNI\nETIRW\nHannah says the study is generalisable, but Josh says it is not generalisable.\nTON Outline why you think either Hannah or Josh is correct, using evidence from the study .\nOD\nThe friend who I think is correct is: ...........................................................................................\nbecause: ...................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........." }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q07", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\nSIHT\n7 The nature versus nurture debate relates to the study by Bandura et al. (aggression).\nNI\nETIRW Outline what is meant by this debate, including one example from the nature side and one\nexample from the nurture side from the study by Bandura et al.\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n.................................................................................................................................................... [4]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:249)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/13/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:295)(cid:249)(cid:212)(cid:291)(cid:238)(cid:268)(cid:222)(cid:262)(cid:243)(cid:194)(cid:300)(cid:282)(cid:195)(cid:266)(cid:242)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Learning approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-learning", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-learning/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q08", "html": "9990-as-learning/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n8 Pauline, a teacher , is helping her class of younger children to learn a new skill. This skill has\nSIHT\na correct sequence of tasks. However , many children are getting this sequence wrong. Pauline\nNI needs to help the children and has come to you for advice.\nETIRW\nUsing your knowledge of the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning):\nTON\n(a) Outline the advice you would give to Pauline.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Explain one reason for one piece of advice you outlined in part (a).\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:249)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/13/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:296)(cid:249)(cid:207)(cid:297)(cid:278)(cid:258)(cid:230)(cid:257)(cid:258)(cid:187)(cid:268)(cid:290)(cid:226)(cid:226)(cid:258)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:229)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n7\n(cid:4" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Cognitive approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-cognitive", "marks": 12, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-cognitive/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q09", "html": "9990-as-cognitive/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON 9 (a) From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test):\nOD\nDescribe the psychology being investigated.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ............................................................................................................................................. [4]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:219)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:251)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/13/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:295)(cid:250)(cid:215)(cid:287)(cid:282)(cid:242)(cid:211)(cid:247)(cid:239)(cid:238)(cid:208)(cid:282)(cid:246)(cid:226)(cid:242)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n8\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n(b) Explain two similarities between the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test) and the study by\nSIHT\nAndrade (doodling).\nNI\nETIRW\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n..............................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 1, "variant": "13", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Biological approach", "topic_slug": "9990-as-biological", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_13.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-biological/assets/9990-2025-on-13-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-13-q10", "html": "9990-as-biological/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:44)\n10 Evaluate the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans) in terms of two strengths and\nSIHT\ntwo weaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points must be about self-reports.\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON ..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n.......................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 5, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n1 A researcher is conducting an observation to investigate the study habits of students. The\nTON observation uses a fixed list of behavioural categories.\nOD\n(a) Explain whether this observation is structured or unstructured.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n(b) (i) Suggest two behavioural categories that the researcher could use to observe the study SIHT\nhabits of students.\nNI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNIGRAM\n(ii) For one of the behavioural categories you suggested in part (b)(i):\nSIHT\nSuggest one methodological problem with using this category to observe the study\nhabits of students. NI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2, 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q02-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q02-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n2 In the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia), imagery exposure was investigated.\nSIHT\nDuring this, the boy reported a ‘severity rating’ for distress at three different ‘time frames’.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) State what was meant by the time frames 1, 2 and 3.\nTON\nTime frame 1: ............................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTime frame 2: ............................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT Time frame 3: ............................................................................................................................\nNI\n................................................................................................................................................... ETIRW\n[2]\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:251)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/21/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:288)(cid:177)(cid:242)(cid:206)(cid:292)(cid:243)(cid:244)(cid:208)(cid:239)(cid:267)(cid:229)(cid:182)(cid:248)(cid:247)(cid:252)(cid:255)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n3\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n(b) Outline the change in severity rating from time frame 1 to time fram e 3, when the boy had to\nSIHT\nimagine hundreds of buttons falling on his body.\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON ............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nOD" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "OD\n3 The study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans) used participants who wanted to reduce\ntheir stress and were able to have an MRI scan. There were several other inclusion criteria\n(reasons for being included in the sample).\nNIGRAM\n(a) Outline two other inclusion criteria.\nSIHT\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nNIGRAM (b) For each of the inclusion criteria outlined in part (a):\nSuggest why each inclusion criterion was important in this study , other than to ensure that the\nSIHT\nexperimental and control groups were similar.\nNI\nETIRW 1 ................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3, 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q04-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q04-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n4 The study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test) used an independent measures design.\nSIHT\nNI (a) Explain one strength of using an independent measures design.\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n................................................................................................................................................... OD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2] NIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:249)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/21/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:288)(cid:178)(cid:241)(cid:214)(cid:294)(cid:239)(cid:260)(cid:233)(cid:265)(cid:246)(cid:292)(cid:290)(cid:256)(cid:227)(cid:252)(cid:239)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:229)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n4\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n(b) Explain one weakness of using an independent measures design.\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n5 Sketch a graph on the axes in Fig. 5.1 to show a negative correlation between ‘time spent watching\ntelevision’ and ‘attention span’. You must label the axes.\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n......................................\nOD\n......................................\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\n...................................... ETIRW\n......................................\nTON\nOD\nFig. 5.1\n[2]\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:251)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/21/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:288)(cid:178)(cid:244)(cid:214)(cid:288)(cid:253)(cid:261)(cid:206)(cid:263)(cid:237)(cid:299)(cid:196)(cid:228)(cid:257)(cid:300)(cid:263)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n6 Describe measures of central tendency, using any example(s).\nSIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\nSIHT" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5, 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "SIHT\n7 Professor March is interested in interpersonal distance. He has met Dennis, who needs a large NI\nETIRW interpersonal distance. Dennis has agreed to Professor March conducting a case study about him\nusing a questionnaire.\nTON\n(a) Suggest why Dennis may prefer Professor March to use a questionnaire rather than a\nOD\nface-to-face interview.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n(b) Suggest two examples of questions that Professor March could use to collect data about the\nSIHT\nneed Dennis has for a large interpersonal distance.\nNI\nETIRW\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\n[2] NIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:249)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/21/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:288)(cid:177)(cid:243)(cid:206)(cid:298)(cid:257)(cid:245)(cid:235)(cid:241)(cid:260)(cid:222)(cid:280)(cid:220)(cid:213)(cid:300)(cid:247)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n6\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n(c) Suggest one problem that Professor March could have when using a questionnaire to study\nSIHT\nDennis.\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q08-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n8 Dr East is observing children playing. She is a participant observer. The children have met Dr East\nbefore and believe she is a playground assistant who watches them when their teachers have\nTON\nlunch.\nOD\n(a) Suggest one strength of using participant observation in this study.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\n(b) Suggest one advantage of Dr East using a non-participant observation compared to a TON\nparticipant observation.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNI\nETIRW\n(c) Explain one ethical problem caused by the children believing that Dr East is a playground\nassistant.\nTON\n................................................................................................................................................... OD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... NIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:249)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/21/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:288)(cid:178)(cid:243)(cid:209)(cid:292)(cid:297)(cid:239)(cid:227)(cid:246)(cid:241)(cid:215)(cid:248)(cid:228)(cid:184)(cid:196)(cid:263)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q09-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q09-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\n9 Dr Okami is using animals in an experiment to study the effects of noise on learning. In this study,\nSIHT\nthe animals will learn to run through narrow tunnels and will meet other animals. Each animal will\nNI either run through the tunnels with noise or run through the tunnels without noise.\nETIRW\n(a) Explain whether the experimental design of Dr Okami’ s study is repeated measures or\nTON independent measures.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\n(b) The independent variable is ‘with noise or without noise’ and the dependent variable is ‘learn\nto run through the tunnels’.\nSIHT\nDefine what is meant by the terms ‘independent variable’ and ‘dependent variable’.\nNI\nETIRW\nindependent variable ................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\ndependent variable ...................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM [2]\n(c) Dr Okami needs to follow ethical guidelines in relation to animals.\nSIHT\n(i) Dr Okami will use reinforcement to help the animals learn to run through the narrow NI\nETIRW tunnels.\nSuggest one way that the animals could be reinforced. Your answer must be ethical. TON\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nNIGRAM\n(ii) Dr Okami needs to follow the guideline of ‘species’.\nExplain two ways that Dr Okami‘s choice of animal will be af fected by following this\nSIHT\nguideline.\nNI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n........................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "21", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_21.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-21-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-21-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n10 Dr Aster is interviewing people about their exciting ex periences. He is interested in peoples’\nTON feelings about different types of exciting experience.\nOD\n(a) Describe how Dr Aster could conduct a study using an interview to investigate peoples’\nfeelings about different types of exciting experience.\nDo not describe sample / sampling technique or ethical issues / guidelines in your answer .\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n.................................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-22-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n1 (a) Outline what is meant by the term ‘fatigue effect’.\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n(b) Suggest one fatigue effect that could have occurred in the study by Hölzel et al. (mindfulness\nNIGRAM\nand brain scans).\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nETIRW\nTON" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 3, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-22-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\nTON\n2 Data can be qualitative or quantitative.\nOD\n(a) Outline what is meant by ‘qualitative data’.\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nSIHT\n(b) Describe the qualitative data that was collected from one of the following studies:\nNI\n• ETIRW Milgram (obedience)\n• Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans).\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-22-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "SIHT\nNI 3 In the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning) behaviours such as, ‘trunk here’, ‘trunk up’ and\nETIRW\n‘bucket’, were recorded using a structured observation.\nTON\nExplain one strength of using a structured observation in this study.\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT .................................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:249)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/22/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:292)(cid:176)(cid:249)(cid:209)(cid:287)(cid:288)(cid:267)(cid:219)(cid:260)(cid:247)(cid:258)(cid:181)(cid:256)(cid:297)(cid:236)(cid:263)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-22-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n4 In the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups):\nSIHT\nNI (a) There was a sample of children and a sample of adults. In both samples there were some\nETIRW\nmales and some females.\nTON Suggest why it was important that both males and females were present in both samples.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNI\n(b) The standard deviation for the age of the adults was larger than the standard deviation for the\nETIRW\nage of the children.\nTON\n(i) Describe what is meant by a ‘standard deviation’.\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nNI\nETIRW (ii) Explain one reason why the standard deviation for the age of the adults was larger than\nthe standard deviation for the age of the children.\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:251)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/22/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:292)(cid:175)(cid:250)(cid:217)(cid:297)(cid:292)(cid:251)(cid:222)(cid:246)(cid:266)(cid:199)(cid:289)(cid:248)(cid:173)(cid:236)(cid:247)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:1" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-22-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n5 Describe semi-structured interviews and unstructured interviews, using any example(s).\nSIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:249)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/22/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:292)(cid:175)(cid:251)(cid:217)(cid:291)(cid:274)(cid:238)(cid:217)(cid:252)(cid:257)(cid:192)(cid:195)(cid:220)(cid:271)(cid:188)(cid:255)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-22-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n6 Dr Raj is conducting a case study to investigate an elderly man, who he refers to as ‘Mr J’, who\nSIHT\nhas an exceptional memory.\nNI\nETIRW (a) Dr Raj is considering the ethics of his study.\n(i) Explain one ethical reason why Dr Raj refers to his participant as Mr J. TON\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\n(ii) Mr J can recall most of his life events, including negative ones. NI\nETIRW\nExplain the ethical guideline Dr Raj should follow when studying Mr J because he can\nremember negative life events. TON\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\nNI (b) Dr Raj wants to triangulate his data.\nETIRW\nExplain what is meant by triangulation, using Dr Raj’ s study as an example.\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\n(c) Explain two weaknesses of case studies.\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n.........................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 7, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-22-q07-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n7 Lorna has noticed that children often talk to their toys. She thinks this may be related to the\nSIHT\nchildren’s vocabulary size (how many words they know). Lorna is planning a correlational study to\nNI investigate whether there is a relationship between how often the child talks to their toys and the\nETIRW\nchild’s vocabulary size.\nTON (a) Suggest one way that Lorna could measure a child’s vocabulary size.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNIGRAM\n(b) Lorna must ask the children and their parents/guardians for consent to participate in her\nstudy.\nSIHT\n(i) Explain why it is important to ask both the children and their parents/guardians for\nNI\nconsent in this study.\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n(ii) Suggest one suitable way that Lorna could ask for consent from the children.\nSIHT\n........................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\n(c) Lorna finds a positive correlation. She concludes that vocabulary size in children is increased\nNIGRAM\nby talking to toys more often.\nExplain why this conclusion is not correct.\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n................................................................................................................................................... OD\n..............................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 7, 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-22-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-22-q08-p02.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-22-q08-p03.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:44)\n8 Dr Chand is going to measure how much adults want to participate in social activities, such as\nSIHT\nteam sports or attending a festival.\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) Dr Chand wants to collect quantitative data about how much adults want to participate in\nsocial activities. He can use the methods of questionnaires or interviews.\nTON\nSuggest two ways that Dr Chand could collect this data using one or both of these methods.\nOD\n1 ................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n2 ................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n[2]\nETIRW\n(b) For one of the ways of collecting data you suggested in part (a):\nTON\nOD (i) Explain one way this method of collecting data is valid.\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..................................................................................................................................... [2] NI\nETIRW\n(ii) Explain one way this method of collecting data is not valid.\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:219)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:249)(cid:182)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/22/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:292)(cid:176)(cid:251)(cid:214)(cid:297)(cid:250)(cid:248)(cid:209)(cid:239)(cid:244)(cid:181)(cid:227)(cid:228)(cid:238)(cid:276)(cid:239)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:1" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "22", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_22.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-22-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-22-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-22-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n9 Dr Gul is investigating whether people focus their attention more on brightly coloured\nTON advertisements than on less brightly coloured advertisements. He is planning to conduct a field\nexperiment on a train.\nOD\n(a) Describe how Dr Gul could conduct a field experiment to investigate the ef fect of colour\nbrightness on how much train passengers focus their attention on advertisements.\nNIGRAM\nDo not describe sample / sampling technique or ethical issues / guidelines in your answer.\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q01", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 1, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 2, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q01-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q01", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n1 (a) Define what is meant by ‘counterbalancing’.\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\n(b) Outline one reason why counterbalancing is important in experiments.\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n............................................................................................................................................. [1]\nNI\nETIRW" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q02", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 2, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 1, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q02-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q02", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n2 State whether the hypothesis, ‘attention will be better when eating than when not eating’ is a:\nTON\n• OD directional hypothesis\n• non‑directional hypothesis\n• null hypothesis.\nNIGRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................\n.................................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSIHT\nNI" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q03", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 3, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 2 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q03-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q03", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NI\nETIRW 3 In the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning), there were several stages to the training process.\n(a) Explain why there was no fixed length of time for the elephants’ training. TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT\nNI (b) Some behavioural tasks were more dif ficult than others for the elephants to learn. This\nETIRW\ndifference in difficulty was called ‘relative difficulty’ in the study.\nTON\nExplain how Fagen et al. measured relative dif ficulty.\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:251)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/23/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:296)(cid:174)(cid:244)(cid:214)(cid:292)(cid:272)(cid:262)(cid:225)(cid:244)(cid:251)(cid:244)(cid:270)(cid:211)(cid:229)(cid:268)(cid:255)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q04", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 4, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q04-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q04", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)\n4 Hölzel et al. (mindfulness and brain scans) measured changes in mindfulness using the 39‑item\nSIHT\nfive facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ).\nNI\nETIRW\n(a) Explain one strength of measuring the change in mindfulness in this way.\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nSIHT (b) Explain one weakness of measuring the change in mindfulness in this way.\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\nOD ...................................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nNIGRAM" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q05", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 5, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 3 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q05-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q05", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n5 In the study by Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans), there were two types of victim who collapsed\non the train.\nSIHT\n(a) Describe three ways that the two types of victim differed. NI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n............................................................................................................................................. [3]\nNI\nETIRW\n(b) Explain why it was important that there were also similarities between the two types of victim.\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT ...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\n............................................................................................................................................. [3] ETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:215)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:249)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) [Turn over © UCLES 2025 9990/23/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:296)(cid:173)(cid:243)(cid:206)(cid:294)(cid:276)(cid:246)(cid:216)(cid:262)(cid:262)(cid:181)(cid:202)(cid:235)(cid:241)(cid:268)(cid:239)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:213)" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q06", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 6, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 6, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q06-p01.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q06", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:44)\n6 Describe open questions and closed questions, using any example(s).\nSIHT\nNI ..........................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..........................................................................................................................................................\n..........................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n.................................................................................................................................................... [6]\nSIHT" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q07", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 7, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 9, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 4, 5 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q07-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q07-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q07", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "SIHT\n7 Pedro is conducting a study about children’ s interest in different types of objects. He has objects NI\nETIRW for children to explore, including picture books and toy bricks. Pedro is recording which objects\nchildren choose and for how long they interact with those objects.\nTON\n(a) (i) Pedro wants to add more objects and is considering plush (soft) toys, wheeled toys,\nOD\nnoisy toys and balls.\nExplain why two of these objects could interest children. Your two answers must be\ndifferent.\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nOD\n(ii) Suggest one reason why one of the objects named in part (a)(i) may not interest the\nchildren.\n........................................................................................................................................... NIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n..................................................................................................................................... [2]\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:213)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:251)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/23/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:296)(cid:173)(cid:242)(cid:206)(cid:288)(cid:290)(cid:243)(cid:227)(cid:268)(cid:253)(cid:174)(cid:300)(cid:263)(cid:211)(cid:284)(cid:263)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n5\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:44)\n(b) Suggest how Pedro could tell the children that they have the right to withdraw from his study\nSIHT\nin a way that they will understand.\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON ...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n..................................................................................................................................................." }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q08", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 8, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 10, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 6, 7 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q08-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q08-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q08", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:44)\n8 Dr Bakar is investigating the ef fect of boredom on people’ s estimation of time. Her participants\nSIHT\nwere separated into two groups and did different activities:\nNI\nETIRW • Group A watched an exciting film (non‑boring activity)\n• Group B moved small boxes from one pile to another (boring activity).\nTON\nBoth activities lasted 30 minutes. Each participant was asked to estimate how long the activity had\nOD\nlasted.\n(a) Outline the dependent variable in Dr Bakar’s study.\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... SIHT\nNI\n...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD (b) Dr Bakar is concerned about possible differences between individuals in Group A and Group\nB that could affect the validity of her study.\n(i) Suggest why two possible dif ferences between individuals in Group A and Group B\nNIGRAM could lower validity.\ndifference 1 ........................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n........................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...........................................................................................................................................\nOD\ndifference 2 ........................................................................................................................\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...........................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...........................................................................................................................................\nNI [4]\nETIRW\n(ii) For one of the differences you suggested in part (b)(i):\nTON\nSuggest how Dr Bakar could change her study to improve validity. OD\n...........................................................................................................................................\n............................................................................................................" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q09", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 9, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 4, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 8, 9 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q09-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q09-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q09", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "NIGRAM\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:44)\n9 Daniel is investigating the ef fect of childhood experiences on adult food preferences. He asked\nSIHT\nadult participants to taste one food item. He counted the number of participants who liked this food\nNI item who had:\nETIRW\n• a positive childhood experience of that food item\nTON • a negative childhood experience of that food item\n• no childhood experience of that food item.\nOD\n(a) A graph of Daniel’s results is shown in Fig. 9.1.\n10\nNIGRAM\ntotal numbers\nof participants\n5 who liked the\nSIHT\nfood item\nNI 0\nETIRW positive negative no\nchildhood experience of TON\nthe food item\nOD\nFig. 9.1\n(i) Name the type of graph in Fig. 9.1.\nNIGRAM\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nSIHT\n(ii) Suggest one conclusion from Daniel’s results.\nNI\nETIRW\n...........................................................................................................................................\nTON\n..................................................................................................................................... [1]\nOD\n(b) Suggest one problem with validity that Daniel may have because he is only using adults in\nhis study, other than generalisability.\n................................................................................................................................................... NIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n................................................................................................................................................... NI\nETIRW\n............................................................................................................................................. [2]\nTON\nOD\nNIGRAM\nSIHT\nNI\nETIRW\nTON\n(cid:300)(cid:217)(cid:250)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:249)(cid:182)(cid:256)(cid:215)\n© UCLES 2025 9990/23/O/N/25 (cid:300)(cid:296)(cid:174)(cid:243)(cid:209)(cid:288)(cid:252)(cid:240)(cid:208)(cid:257)(cid:247)(cid:192)(cid:234)(cid:211)(cid:276)(cid:228)(cid:255)(cid:258) OD\n(cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:213)\nNIGRAM\n9\n(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:44)\nSection B\nSIHT\nNI Answer all questions.\nETIRW" }, { "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q10", "subject": "9990", "year": 2025, "session": "Oct/Nov", "session_code": "on", "paper": 2, "variant": "23", "question_number": 10, "topic_number": null, "topic": "AS Research Methods", "topic_slug": "9990-as-research-methods", "marks": 14, "source_pdf": "https://pastpapers.co/api/file/caie/A-Level/Psychology-9990/2025-Oct-Nov/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf?download=true", "source_pages": [ 9, 10 ], "local_pdf": "_source-pdfs/2025-Oct-Nov/qp/9990_w25_qp_23.pdf", "image_paths": [ "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q10-p01.png", "9990-as-research-methods/assets/9990-2025-on-23-q10-p02.png" ], "answer": { "status": "pending", "id": "9990-2025-on-23-q10", "html": "9990-as-research-methods/answers.html" }, "text_excerpt": "ETIRW\n10 Liam is a young man who is unusually good at focussing his attention on many types of stimuli,\nTON such as sights or sounds.\nOD\n(a) Describe how a researcher could conduct a case study to investigate Liams’ unusual ability to\nfocus his attention.\nDo not describe ethical issues / guidelines in your answer .\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n...................................................................................................................................................\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNI\nETIRW ...................................................................................................................................................\n................................................................................................................................................... TON\nOD\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nNIGRAM\n...................................................................................................................................................\n...................................................................................................................................................\nSIHT\nNI ...................................................................................................................................................\nETIRW\n...................................................................................................................................................\nTON\n................................................................................................................................................... OD\n..................................................................................." } ] }